Figure 4. C-Pc increased anti-oxidative function via mRNA expression and activity in astrocytes under oxidative stress.

(a) Intracellular ROS in the astrocytes treated with C-Pc for 3 days was detected by DCF-DA fluorescence levels after exposure to H₂O₂ for 24 h. Enzyme activities of (b) catalase and (c) total SOD were analyzed using an assay kit as described in the Online methods. (d,e) mRNA expression levels of MnSOD, CuZnSOD, ECSOD and catalase were evaluated by RT-qPCR. Data are presented as the means ± SEMs. The asterisk denotes significant difference against N-astrocytes sample. *p < 0.05 and **p < 0.01