(a) Chemical structures of methylene blue, azure A and azure B. (b) Activity of RCasp6, RCasp3, and RCasp1 with different dithiothreitol (DTT) concentrations. Data represent mean and SD of 3 independent experiments. (c) Dose-dependent inhibition of Casp6 in presence of methylene blue, azure A, and azure B. Each data point represents the mean and SD of 3 independent experiments. Statistical difference between no phenothiazines and addition of phenothiazines was determined by one-way ANOVA p < 0.0001 and post-hoc Bonferroni *p < 0.001. (d) Western blot analysis of the in vitro tubulin cleavage assay showing dose-dependent inhibition of Casp6 activity in the presence of methylene blue, azure A, and azure B. (e) Non-linear regression curve for dose-dependent inhibition of RCasp6 cleavage of tubulin in the presence of methylene blue and its derivatives. (f) Dose-dependent inhibition of RCasp6 and RCasp3 with methylene blue. For e and f, Data represent mean and SD of 3 independent experiments. (g) Dose-dependent inhibition of RCasp6, RCasp3, and RCasp1 with methylene blue. Data represent the mean and SD of 3 independent experiments. Statistical analyses conducted as in c.