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. 2015 Sep 24;5:14273. doi: 10.1038/srep14273

Figure 4. M1 macrophage reducing tumor angiogenesis.

Figure 4

(A) Decreased microvessel density in xenograft tumors derived from M1-treated A549 cells, determined by immunohistochemical detection of the endothelial cell marker CD31. *P < 0.05 (mean ± SD, n = 3), compared to the M0-treated groups. The microvessel density for each group represents the mean value of three individual immunohistochemistry slides from three different mice. Each slide represents the average value of microvessel numbers of five fields. (B) In vitro tube formation. HUVECs were incubated with the CM of long-term macrophage-co-cultured A549 cells. *P < 0.05 (mean ± SD, n = 3), compared to the M0-treated group. Experiments were performed in triplicate. (C) In vivo angiogenesis, as determined by Matrigel plug assays. A mixture of Matrigel, A549 cells, and polarized macrophages was co-injected into NOD-SCID mice. Microvessels in the gel plugs were detected using the anti-CD31 antibody. *P < 0.05 (mean ± SD, n = 3), compared to the M0 -treated group.