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. 2015 Sep 25;5:14494. doi: 10.1038/srep14494

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(a) Modular approach to hybrid optofluidic integration with individual chips dedicated to sample preparation and single nucleic acid detection; intersecting solid-core (SC-WG) and liquid-core (LC-WG) waveguides are highlighted in the optofluidic layer along with the planar optical beam geometry for single nucleic acid detection; (b) photographs of silicon-based optofluidic ARROW chip (bottom) and PDMS-based microfluidic automaton (top); pneumatic/sample channels are filled with red/blue dye for visualization of channel layers and layout; chips connect with flexible tubing; (c) Solid-phase extraction assay used for target isolation and detection. The dashed box indicates the steps that were implemented on the automaton chip.