Figure 5. Room-temperature battery performances and SEM analyses of Li/LiCoO₂ cells employing bare and NL-coated Li electrodes.

(a) typical charge/discharge curves at a fixed current density of 0.1 C (0.15 mA cm⁻²), (b) rate capability at various discharge rates (0.1–2.0 C, 0.15–3.0 mA cm⁻²), (c) capacity retention (filled boxes) and coulombic efficiency (empty boxes) with cycling at 0.2 C, and (d) Surficial SEM images of the Li metal electrodes after 100 cycles.