Figure 2. Exercise training increases performance of male control flies, but not long‐lived La flies.

(A) Exercised Ra males are protected against declining negative geotaxis speed with age compared to unexercised controls (two‐way ANOVA, p <.0001, n ≥ 100). La males have higher negative geotaxis speed than Ra males across ages and receive no further benefit from exercise. (B) Female control flies were unaffected by training in negative geotaxis speed across five weeks of age, while female La flies showed a slight trend toward increased speed. (C) Ra males improved endurance significantly following training (log‐rank; p <.0001, n ≥ 160). La males showed higher endurance than Ra (log‐rank; p <.0001), but received no further benefit from exercise. (D) Neither Ra nor La females receives a benefit to endurance following training, although La showed a trend toward an increase (log‐rank; p = .2290, n ≥ 160). (E) Ra males improved flight ability following training. La males display higher landing height than both untrained and trained Ra flies. (ANOVA, p <.0001, n ≥ 160). (F) Unexercised La males had significantly less cardiac failure in response to electrical pacing stress than did unexercised Ra (error bars indicate ±SD, t‐test; p = .0289, n ≥ 100). Following training, Ra males had statistically similar failure rates to exercised or unexercised La. (G) Unexercised La males showed significantly higher Lysotracker staining in dissected abdominal adipose tissue than unexercised Ra (error bars indicate ±SD, t‐test; p =.0428, n ≥ 10). Following training, Ra flies showed statistically similar Lysotracker staining to exercised or unexercised La.