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. 2015 Sep 28;10(9):e0138913. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138913

Fig 1. Schematic outline of multi-step HCC circulating biomarkers prioritization process.

Fig 1

Liver-specific proteins extracted from various databases were screened using SignalP 4.1, SecretomeP 2.0, ExoCarta, TargetP 1.1 and TMHMM v. 2.0 servers to assess their secretory nature. Liver-specific secreted proteins once verified for their expression in liver (HPA and BioGPS) and blood (Plasma Proteome Database) were further prioritized depending upon their presence in secretome proteome of HCC patients, HCC cell lines and primary human hepatocytes. To infer possible involvement of prioritized proteins in HCC pathogenesis, their interactome analysis was done with AFP (as a standard biomarker for the diagnosis of HCC). Interacting proteins were then analysed for their interaction with HCC specific liver deregulated and circulating miRNA. Results were then statistically verified using SurvExpress validation tool to finally prioritize putative circulating biomarkers for HCC.