Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of African American and white patients with type 2 diabetes according to body mass index categories
| Body mass index (kg/m2)
|
P value | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 18.5–22.9 | 23–24.9 | 25.0–29.9 | 30–34.9 | 35–39.9 | ≥40 | ||
| No. of participants | 1,553 | 1,777 | 7,188 | 7,968 | 5,867 | 6,802 | - |
| No. of cases | 258 | 303 | 1,147 | 1,396 | 1,202 | 1,528 | - |
| Male, % | 49.3 | 48.5 | 44.4 | 39.6 | 31.8 | 24.0 | <0.001 |
| African American, % | 977 (62.9) | 1,039 (58.5) | 4,195 (58.4) | 4,468 (56.1) | 3,223 (54.9) | 3,580 (52.6) | <0.001 |
| Age, mean (SE), years | 53.0 (0.3) | 53.9 (0.2) | 53.8 (0.1) | 52.5 (0.1) | 51.0 (0.1) | 48.3 (0.1) | <0.001 |
| Income, mean (SE), $/family | 18,515 (670) | 19,034 (627) | 19,136 (313) | 18,882 (295) | 19,071 (344) | 18,840 (326) | 0. 955 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mean (SE), mm Hg | 138 (0.6) | 140 (0.6) | 142 (0.3) | 144 (0.3) | 146 (0.3) | 148 (0.3) | <0.001 |
| HbA1c, mean (SE), % | 8.01 (0.06) | 7.96 (0.06) | 7.85 (0.03) | 7.77 (0.03) | 7.74 (0.03) | 7.53 (0.03) | <0.001 |
| LDL cholesterol, mean (SE), mg/dL | 109 (1.0) | 113 (1.0) | 114 (0.5) | 114 (0.5) | 113 (0.5) | 111 (0.5) | <0.001 |
| Glomerular filtration rate (mL/min/1.73 m2), % | <0.001 | ||||||
| ≥90 | 53.1 | 52.6 | 47.6 | 45.6 | 46.0 | 48.5 | |
| 60–89 | 33.8 | 34.6 | 39.0 | 41.4 | 41.8 | 41.0 | |
| 30–59 | 10.8 | 11.1 | 11.6 | 11.7 | 11.0 | 9.5 | |
| 15–29 | 1.6 | 0.8 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 0.8 | |
| <15 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Smoking status, % | <0.001 | ||||||
| Never smoking | 43.7 | 53.7 | 61.9 | 66.7 | 70.9 | 74.2 | |
| Past smoking | 8.1 | 6.9 | 7.0 | 6.8 | 7.2 | 7.3 | |
| Current smoking | 48.2 | 39.4 | 31.0 | 26.5 | 21.9 | 18.5 | |
| Type of insurance, % | <0.001 | ||||||
| Free | 70.6 | 72.5 | 75.2 | 77.8 | 80.0 | 83.0 | |
| Self-pay | 7.3 | 6.4 | 5.6 | 5.2 | 4.4 | 3.8 | |
| Medicaid | 7.4 | 5.9 | 4.8 | 4.2 | 5.0 | 5.1 | |
| Medicare | 12.6 | 13.2 | 12.1 | 10.5 | 8.2 | 5.9 | |
| Commercial | 2.1 | 1.9 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.4 | 2.2 | |
| Use of medications, % | |||||||
| Glucose-lowering medication | <0.001 | ||||||
| Oral hypoglycemic agents | 22.9 | 27.6 | 34.3 | 35.3 | 35.1 | 37.2 | |
| Insulin | 31.8 | 30.7 | 29.0 | 31.0 | 33.6 | 31.7 | |
| Lipid-lowering medication | 41.7 | 49.7 | 54.8 | 59.4 | 59.7 | 55.9 | <0.001 |
| Antihypertensive medication | 60.5 | 65.7 | 70.6 | 74.2 | 75.9 | 60.5 | <0.001 |
Values represent means or percentages. All continuous data except age adjusted for age, sex and race.