Table 2.
Hazard ratios for heart failure according to different levels of body mass index at baseline and during follow-up among patients with type 2 diabetes
| Body mass index during (kg/m2)
|
Each 1 kg/m2 increase | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 18.5–22.9 | 23–24.9 | 25.0–29.9 | 30–34.9 | 35–39.9 | ≥40 | ||
| Baseline | |||||||
| Men | 766 | 861 | 3,191 | 3,153 | 1,866 | 1,631 | - |
| No. of cases | 123 | 150 | 573 | 621 | 465 | 447 | - |
| Person-years | 5,802 | 6,410 | 24,226 | 23,577 | 12,885 | 11,166 | - |
| Hazard ratios (95% CIs) | |||||||
| Model 1a | 0.96 (0.80–1.17) | 1.01 (0.85–1.20) | 1.00 | 1.15 (1.03–1.28) | 1.62 (1.43–1.83) | 2.01 (1.77–2.27) | 1.036 (1.031–1.041) |
| Model 2b | 0.95 (0.78–1.15) | 1.00 (0.84–1.19) | 1.00 | 1.16 (1.04–1.29) | 1.64 (1.45–1.85) | 2.02 (1.79–2.29) | 1.037 (1.032–1.042) |
| Model 3c | 0.98 (0.81–1.19) | 1.03 (0.86–1.22) | 1.00 | 1.11 (1.00–1.24) | 1.45 (1.28–1.64) | 1.71 (1.50–1.94) | 1.027 (1.022–1.033) |
| Women | 787 | 916 | 3,997 | 4,815 | 4,001 | 5,171 | - |
| No. of cases | 135 | 153 | 574 | 775 | 737 | 1,081 | - |
| Person-years | 6,397 | 7,522 | 33,527 | 40,004 | 32,162 | 40,134 | - |
| Hazard ratios (95% CIs) | |||||||
| Model 1a | 1.21 (1.01–1.45) | 1.17 (0.98–1.39) | 1.00 | 1.22 (1.10–1.36) | 1.53 (1.38–1.71) | 1.98 (1.78–2.19) | 1.031 (1.027–1.035) |
| Model 2b | 1.16 (1.00–1.37) | 1.16 (0.97–1.38) | 1.00 | 1.23 (1.11–1.37) | 1.55 (1.39–1.73) | 2.01 (1.81–2.23) | 1.032 (1.028–1.036) |
| Model 3c | 1.23 (1.02–1.48) | 1.20 (1.01–1.43) | 1.00 | 1.19 (1.07–1.32) | 1.46 (1.31–1.63) | 1.76 (1.58–1.96) | 1.024 (1.020–1.029) |
| Follow-up | |||||||
| Men | 704 | 853 | 3,305 | 3,254 | 1,859 | 1,493 | - |
| No. of cases | 115 | 154 | 598 | 637 | 451 | 424 | - |
| Person-years | 5,269 | 6,477 | 25,172 | 24,213 | 12,966 | 9,967 | - |
| Hazard ratios (95% CIs) | |||||||
| Model 1a | 0.97 (0.80–1.18) | 1.00 (0.85–1.19) | 1.00 | 1.13 (1.02–1.26) | 1.60 (1.42–1.81) | 2.12 (1.87–2.40) | 1.039 (1.034–1.045) |
| Model 2b | 0.96 (0.79–1.17) | 1.00 (0.84–1.19) | 1.00 | 1.15 (1.03–1.29) | 1.63 (1.44–1.84) | 2.17 (1.91–2.46) | 1.040 (1.035–1.046) |
| Model 3c | 1.00 (0.82–1.22) | 1.00 (0.84–1.19) | 1.00 | 1.10 (0.99–1.23) | 1.42 (1.26–1.61) | 1.81 (1.58–2.07) | 1.030 (1.025–1.036) |
| Women | 715 | 894 | 4,025 | 4,956 | 3,987 | 5,110 | - |
| No. of cases | 139 | 130 | 591 | 777 | 719 | 1,099 | - |
| Person-years | 5,869 | 7,416 | 33,542 | 41,195 | 32,016 | 39,707 | - |
| Hazard ratios (95% CIs) | |||||||
| Model 1a | 1.26 (1.05–1.51) | 0.96 (0.80–1.16) | 1.00 | 1.15 (1.04–1.28) | 1.47 (1.32–1.64) | 2.00 (1.81–2.21) | 1.034 (1.030–1.038) |
| Model 2b | 1.22 (1.02–1.47) | 0.95 (0.79–1.14) | 1.00 | 1.16 (1.05–1.29) | 1.50 (1.35–1.68) | 2.03 (1.84–2.25) | 1.035 (1.031–1.039) |
| Model 3c | 1.28 (1.07–1.54) | 1.00 (0.83–1.21) | 1.00 | 1.13 (1.02–1.25) | 1.40 (1.26–1.56) | 1.71 (1.54–1.90) | 1.026 (1.021–1.030) |
Abbreviations: HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval.
a
Adjusted for age and race.
b
Adjusted for age, race, types of insurance, income, and smoking.
c
Adjusted for age, race, types of insurance, income, smoking, LDL cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, HbA1c, glomerular filtration rate, history of obstructive sleep apnea, use of antihypertensive drugs, glucose-lowering agents, and cholesterol-lowering agents at baseline (in baseline analyses) and during follow-up (in the follow-up analyses).