Table 3.
Hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for heart failure among men according to different levels of BMI at baseline and during follow-up among various subpopulations
| Body mass index (kg/m2)
|
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| <23 | 23–24.9 | 25–29.9 | 30–34.9 | 35–39.9 | ≥40 | |
| Baseline | ||||||
| Race | ||||||
| African American | 0.97 (0.76–1.24) | 1.11 (0.88–1.40) | 1.00 | 1.17 (1.00–1.37) | 1.58 (1.32–1.89) | 1.92 (1.59–2.31) |
| White | 0.92 (0.67–1.27) | 0.86 (0.66–1.13) | 1.00 | 1.16 (0.99–1.36) | 1.71 (1.45–2.02) | 2.17 (1.83–2.57) |
| Age groups, yr | ||||||
| <50 | 1.15 (0.85–1.55) | 1.02 (0.74–1.39) | 1.00 | 0.99 (0.81–1.23) | 1.47 (1.18–1.83) | 1.83 (1.49–2.25) |
| 50–59 | 0.63 (0.43–0.93) | 0.98 (0.72–1.33) | 1.00 | 1.30 (1.09–1.55) | 1.62 (1.34–1.97) | 2.02 (1.66–2.46) |
| 60–94 | 1.10 (0.78–1.54) | 1.09 (0.82–1.45) | 1.00 | 1.13 (0.93–1.38) | 1.67 (1.34–2.09) | 1.77 (1.36–2.32) |
| Smoking status | ||||||
| Never | 1.10 (0.85–1.42) | 1.08 (0.87–1.35) | 1.00 | 1.19 (1.04–1.36) | 1.76 (1.52–2.04) | 2.17 (1.86–2.52) |
| Ever or current | 0.77 (0.57–1.03) | 0.87 (0.66–1.15) | 1.00 | 1.13 (0.93–1.36) | 1.41 (1.13–1.76) | 1.73 (1.38–2.17) |
| Using glucose-lowering agents | ||||||
| No | 0.82 (0.61–1.10) | 0.97 (0.75–1.26) | 1.00 | 1.03 (0.85–1.23) | 1.30 (1.05–1.60) | 1.65 (1.34–2.04) |
| Oral hypoglycemic agents | 1.08 (0.72–1.64) | 1.08 (0.75–1.54) | 1.00 | 1.17 (0.95–1.46) | 1.56 (1.22–1.98) | 2.20 (1.72–2.80) |
| Insulin | 0.97 (0.70–1.35) | 0.92 (0.68–1.26) | 1.00 | 1.35 (1.12–1.63) | 2.05 (1.69–2.48) | 2.37 (1.94–2.90) |
| Follow-up | ||||||
| Race | ||||||
| African American | 1.02 (0.80–1.30) | 1.03 (0.82–1.30) | 1.00 | 1.13 (0.97–1.32) | 1.54 (1.29–1.84) | 2.10 (1.74–2.53) |
| White | 0.84 (0.60–1.18) | 0.97 (0.75–1.26) | 1.00 | 1.20 (1.03–1.40) | 1.75 (1.48–2.07) | 2.32 (1.95–2.75) |
| Age groups, yr | ||||||
| <50 | 1.14 (0.83–1.56) | 0.91 (0.66–1.25) | 1.00 | 1.02 (0.83–1.25) | 1.29 (1.04–1.61) | 2.07 (1.69–2.54) |
| 50–59 | 0.68 (0.46–1.00) | 0.91 (0.66–1.24) | 1.00 | 1.29 (1.08–1.54) | 1.80 (1.49–2.18) | 1.98 (1.62–2.42) |
| 60–94 | 1.09 (0.79–1.52) | 1.25 (0.95–1.64) | 1.00 | 1.08 (0.89–1.31) | 1.61 (1.28–2.03) | 1.97 (1.48–2.61) |
| Smoking status | ||||||
| Never | 1.10 (0.85–1.42) | 1.14 (0.92–1.42) | 1.00 | 1.15 (1.01–1.32) | 1.79 (1.55–2.07) | 2.26 (1.94–2.63) |
| Ever or current | 0.80 (0.60–1.07) | 0.80 (0.61–1.07) | 1.00 | 1.19 (0.99–1.43) | 1.28 (1.02–1.61) | 1.99 (1.58–2.51) |
| Using glucose-lowering agents | ||||||
| No | 0.79 (0.59–1.07) | 1.04 (0.81–1.34) | 1.00 | 1.00 (0.83–1.20) | 1.38 (1.12–1.70) | 1.72 (1.38–2.14) |
| Oral hypoglycemic agents | 1.20 (0.79–1.81) | 1.25 (0.88–1.76) | 1.00 | 1.32 (1.07–1.64) | 1.84 (1.44––2.34) | 2.39 (1.85–3.09) |
| Insulin | 1.00 (0.72–1.39) | 0.73 (0.52–1.03) | 1.00 | 1.26 (1.05–1.51) | 1.71 (1.41–2.07) | 2.47 (2.03–3.00) |
Adjusted for age, race, income, type of insurance, and smoking at baseline (in the baseline analyses) and during follow-up (in the follow-up analyses) other than the variable for stratification.
a
Among individuals who had ejection fraction measured at baseline.