Table 2.
Difference in percent change between intervention and control groups by meta-analysis
| Bone measurements | Number of subgroups | Mean difference | 95% CI† (p value) | Q statistic (p value) | Funnel plot asymmetry (p value) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bone mineral content | |||||
| Total body | 22 | 0.8 | 0.3–1.3 (0.003) | 244 (< 0.001) | 0.29 |
| Prepubertal | 8 | 0.9 | 0.2–1.7 (0.01) | ||
| Postpubertal | 5 | 0.9 | −0.4 to 2.2 (0.17) | ||
| Femoral neck | 19 | 1.5 | 0.5–2.5 (0.003) | 308 (< 0.001) | 0.60 |
| Prepubertal | 7 | 1.8 | 0.0–3.5 (0.047) | ||
| Postpubertal | 7 | 0.2 | −0.2 to 0.5 (0.42) | ||
| Spine | 23 | 1.7 | 0.4–3.1 (0.01) | 410 (< 0.001) | 0.04 |
| Prepubertal | 7 | 3.7 | 0.8–6.6 (0.01) | ||
| Postpubertal | 6 | 0.7 | −0.3 to 1.6 (0.19) | ||
| Bone area | |||||
| Femoral neck | 9 | 0.5 | −0.7 to 1.6 (0.45) | 18 (0.02) | 0.92 |
| Prepubertal | 2 | * | * | ||
| Postpubertal | 4 | * | * | ||
| Spine | 8 | 0.4 | −0.2 to 1.1 (0.20) | 14 (0.04) | 0.67 |
| Prepubertal | 2 | * | * | ||
| Postpubertal | 4 | * | * | ||
| aBMD | |||||
| Femoral neck | 15 | 0.6 | 0.2–1.1 (0.006) | 8 (0.89) | 0.76 |
| Prepubertal | 7 | 0.6 | −0.1 to 1.2 (0.07) | ||
| Postpubertal | 3 | * | * | ||
| Spine | 15 | 1,2 | 0.6–1.8 (< 0.001) | 25 (0.04)§ | 0.90 |
| Prepubertal | 7 | 1.5 | 0.7–2.3 (< 0.001) | ||
| Postpubertal | 3 | * | * | ||
* Number of subgroups was too small to estimate the combined effects; †CIs that include 0 are not significantly different; §heterogeneity was decreased (p = 0.07) when calcium intake and intervention length were included as covariates.