. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Sep 29.

Published in final edited form as: Hum Exp Toxicol. 2012 Sep 27;31(10):981–1005. doi: 10.1177/0960327112444476

Table 4.

Summary of findings from case–control studies of genetic polymorphisms in DNA repair genes (OGG1, APE1 and XRCC1) and their interactions with environmental factors and bladder cancer

Study population	No. of cases/controls	Main effects of polymorphisms			Gene–environment interaction	References
Study population	No. of cases/controls	OGG1 Ser326Cys	XRCC1 (Arg399Gln, Arg194Trp, Arg280His)	APE1Asp148Glu	Gene–environment interaction	References
Turkish (H)	100/100	2.5-fold IR (Cys/Cys)	NA	–	Not interaction with smoking	Karahalil et al.⁸⁰
Caucasian (H)	609/613	NA	PE (Arg/Trp + Trp/Trp)	NA	IR (Cys/Cys) (ever smokers) No interactions (Others)	Huang et al.⁶⁴
American (H)	539/524	NA	NA (Arg/Gln, Arg/Trp) -(Arg/His)	–	RR (Ser/Cys) (ever smokers)	Huang et al.⁶⁴

–: Unreported; NA; no association; IR: increased risk; RR: reduced risk; PE: protective effect; S: smoking; RM: red meat; H: hospital based study.