Table 7.
Summary of findings from case–control studies of genetic polymorphisms in DNA repair genes (OGG1, APE1 and XRCC1) and their interactions with environmental factors and upper aero digestive cancer (UADCa)
| Study population | No. of cases/controls | Main effects of polymorphisms
|
Gene–environment interaction | References | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OGG1 Ser326Cys | XRCC1 (Arg399Gln, Arg194Trp, Arg280His) | APE1Asp148Glu | ||||
| Japanese (H) | 192a | NA | – | – | S; 8-fold IR (Cys/Cys); D; NA | Hashimoto et al.90 |
| Indian (H) | 200/110 | – | 2- to 13-fold IR (Gln/Gln, Arg/Gin + Gln/Gln, Arg/Trp, Arg/Trp + Trp/Trp) | – | S; IR (Arg/Gln + Gln/Gln) | Ramachandran et al.91 |
| Korean (H) | 147/168 | – | 2.6-fold IR (Arg/Trp, Trp/Trp) | – | – | Tae et al.92 |
| Polish (H) | 92/124 | – | IR (Arg194Trp + Arg399Arg) NA others |
NA | Kowalski et al.93 | |
| American (H) | 830/854 | – | NA (Arg/Gln) | NA (Asp/Glu) | NA | Li et al.94 |
UADC: upper aero digestive cancer including oral, pharynx, laryngeal, esophageal, head and neck; –: unreported; NA; no association; IR: increased risk; S: smoking; D: drinking; H: hospital based study.
a
Case only design.