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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: Behav Brain Res. 2015 Mar 28;298(0 0):69–77. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.03.045

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1

The age-dependent effects of chronic caffeine on fear conditioning (n = 8). No concentration of chronic caffeine tested affected baseline or CS freezing in any age group (A-C). In adolescent and pre-adolescent mice only, chronic caffeine at 1.0 mg/mL enhanced contextual fear conditioning, yet chronic caffeine at 3.0 mg/mL produced deficits in contextual fear conditioning (B and C). Chronic caffeine at 1.0 mg/mL increased pre-CS freezing in adolescent mice only (B) and chronic caffeine at 3.0 mg/mL decreased pre-CS freezing in pre-adolescent mice only (C). Error bars indicate SEM, (*) indicates p < 0.05, (**) indicates p < 0.01, and (***) indicates p < 0.001 compared to water treated mice from each respective age group.