Table 1.
Patient characteristics at start of follow-up.
| Variable | Non-PA patients (n = 50,586) | PA patients (n = 13,605) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||
| Age at start of follow-up, year (SD) | 66.1 (16.4) | 67.7 (16.8) | < .001† |
|
| |||
| Male, % (n) | 31.1 (15,713) | 31.5 (4290) | .29‡ |
|
| |||
| Smoking status, % (n) | < .001‡ | ||
| Never smoker | 52.5 (26,572) | 51.2 (6968) | |
| Current smoker | 15.6 (7907) | 17.9 (2436) | |
| Ex-smoker | 18.9 (9581) | 20.0 (2725) | |
| Unknown | 12.9 (6526) | 10.8 (1476) | |
|
| |||
| Medical comorbidities, % (n): | |||
| Alcoholism | 0.8 (420) | 1.6 (212) | < .001‡ |
| COPD or asthma | 11.6 (5849) | 14.4 (1956) | < .001‡ |
| Hypertension | 31.4 (15,878) | 33.8 (4594) | < .001‡ |
| Coronary artery disease | 10.4 (5274) | 14.3 (1946) | < .001‡ |
| Congestive heart failure | 2.2 (1095) | 3.2 (436) | < .001‡ |
| Chronic renal failure | 0.7 (360) | 1.3 (174) | < .001‡ |
| Diabetes mellitus | 6.7 (3402) | 12.7 (1733) | < .001‡ |
| Any cancer other than BCC | 5.6 (2837) | 6.7 (909) | < .001‡ |
| Stroke | 5.9 (3005) | 8.6 (1168) | < .001‡ |
| Dementia | 1.3 (649) | 3.3 (451) | < .001‡ |
| History of organ transplant | 0.1 (42) | 0.1 (19) | .06‡ |
| Connective tissue disorder | 2.9 (1448) | 4.6 (624) | < .001‡ |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 1.5 (770) | 2.2 (300) | < .001‡ |
| Cirrhosis | 0.1 (74) | 0.3 (41) | < .001‡ |
| Inflammatory bowel disease | 0.8 (414) | 3.0 (411) | < .001‡ |
| GERD | 6.5 (3266) | 6.9 (940) | .06‡ |
| Peptic ulcer disease | 5.1 (2577) | 6.6 (897) | < .001‡ |
| Dysphagia | 2.0 (991) | 2.8 (377) | < .001‡ |
|
| |||
| Medications, % (n): | |||
| Anxiolytics | 5.0 (2533) | 8.1 (1097) | < .001‡ |
| Antidepressants | 7.1 (3610) | 11.5 (1569) | < .001‡ |
| Anti-Parkinson drugs | 0.8 (387) | 1.1 (150) | < .001‡ |
| Antipsychotics | 1.2 (624) | 2.0 (269) | < .001‡ |
| Barbiturates | 0.03 (14) | 0.04 (5) | |
| Opiates | 2.3 (1152) | 4.4 (604) | .59‡ |
| Immunosuppressants | 2.9 (1455) | 5.3 (723) | < .001‡ |
| Antibiotics | 3.0 (1535) | 4.8 (652) | < .001‡ |
| NSAIDS | 33.8 (17,084) | 46.5 (6333) | < .001‡ |
| Proton-pump inhibitors | 7.8 (3954) | 11.2 (1520) | < .001‡ |
| H2R antagonists | 2.2 (1136) | 2.7 (361) | .005‡ |
|
| |||
BCC = basal cell carcinoma; COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; GERD = gastroesophageal reflux disease; H2R = histamine-2-receptor; NSAIDs = non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; PA = pernicious anemia; SD = standard deviation.
†
Student t-test
‡
Chi-squared test