Table 5.
Mean (standard deviation) weight (g/d) of foods consumed across clusters for 6837 children at age 7 years with the highest and lowest mean in each row in bold and underlined, respectively
| Food item | Processed (n = 1991) | Healthy (n = 1709) | Traditional (n = 1558) | Packed lunch (n = 1579) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Full fat milk | 132.3b (174.5) | 132.9b (179.7) | 149.6a (198.3) | 80.0c (132.4) |
| Reduced fat milk | 97.6b (143.1) | 143.6a (178.7) | 106.7b (148.5) | 132.4a (167.6) |
| Cheese | 6.7d (10.7) | 16.2a (16.2) | 8.5c (11.8) | 14.2b (16.5) |
| Yogurt, fromage frais | 28.1c (39.9) | 47.2a (50.2) | 34.4b (43.8) | 37.0b (44.9) |
| Butter, animal fat | 2.0b (5.5) | 4.5a (8.1) | 2.4b (5.9) | 1.0c (4.3) |
| Margarine | 5.8c (5.2) | 6.7b (6.5) | 7.2b (6.3) | 15.7a (7.1) |
| Vegetable oil | 0.1b (0.5) | 0.1a (0.7) | 0.1b (0.4) | 0.1b (0.5) |
| High-fiber bread | 5.9c (15.2) | 25.7a (33.1) | 10.1b (20.1) | 4.2c (13.9) |
| Low-fiber bread | 43.9b (28.1) | 39.6c (31.8) | 45.2b (31.3) | 94.2a (33.3) |
| Special bread | 1.1b (6.8) | 2.5a (9.8) | 1.0b (5.6) | 1.0b (6.2) |
| Other flour-based products | 5.2b (12.9) | 7.3b (16.3) | 9.7a (16.5) | 6.6b (14.6) |
| Breakfast cereal | 29.6b (20.8) | 37.3a (25.8) | 31.4b (22.3) | 25.6c (20.7) |
| Rice | 4.1c (12.5) | 9.1a (20.6) | 5.6b (14.8) | 4.6b,c (13.7) |
| Pasta | 9.2c (19.5) | 27.0a (32.9) | 11.9b (22.6) | 13.1b (24.5) |
| Baked beans, canned pasta | 42.9a (47.3) | 22.6b,c (34.3) | 21.2c (29.9) | 25.8b (34.4) |
| Pizza | 12.7a (25.3) | 11.2a (23.6) | 6.9b (18.1) | 8.8b (21.3) |
| Eggs | 7.3b (15.8) | 9.8a (16.8) | 6.4b (13.7) | 7.1b (14.7) |
| Coated and fried chicken | 15.6a (21.4) | 6.8c (14.5) | 7.2c (14.7) | 9.2b (17.0) |
| Poultry | 11.0c (18.6) | 14.9b (21.4) | 25.2a (27.5) | 12.8c (18.9) |
| Ham, bacon | 5.6c (9.6) | 7.7b (11.1) | 7.9b (11.7) | 10.6a (14.1) |
| Red meat | 18.6c (27.5) | 24.4b (32.0) | 33.7a (35.9) | 22.2b (29.1) |
| Meat pies, pasties | 6.7a (17.0) | 3.6c (11.0) | 6.1a,b (16.4) | 5.3b (14.3) |
| Processed meat | 22.4a (24.8) | 10.0c (15.0) | 14.4b (19.8) | 14.2b (19.7) |
| Coated and fried white fish | 11.1a (17.8) | 6.4b (13.5) | 6.6b (13.9) | 6.8b (14.4) |
| White fish, shellfish | 1.9b (10.2) | 3.1a (12.6) | 2.4a,b (12.6) | 1.7b (9.0) |
| Tuna, oily fish | 2.5b (9.8) | 6.2a (13.8) | 3.5b (10.4) | 3.4b (10.3) |
| Vegetarian products | 1.4a (11.2) | 4.3a (23.2) | 2.4b (19.5) | 1.6b (10.5) |
| Chips | 52.9a (32.8) | 17.3d (21.6) | 20.7c (22.2) | 26.2b (25.9) |
| Roast potatoes | 11.5c (19.6) | 8.1d (15.7) | 40.9a (33.0) | 14.8b (22.2) |
| Other potatoes | 23.2c (30.7) | 33.1b (34.7) | 38.3a (38.3) | 25.0c (30.8) |
| Root vegetables | 1.1c (4.4) | 1.8b (5.5) | 3.5a (8.8) | 1.2c (4.4) |
| Carrots | 6.3d (9.9) | 11.5b (14.2) | 24.8a (18.8) | 9.0c (11.6) |
| Green leafy vegetables | 3.3d (6.9) | 7.1b (11.0) | 17.9a (17.0) | 4.6c (8.7) |
| Peas, broad beans, sweetcorn | 7.8c (12.7) | 11.3b (14.8) | 15.4a (18.1) | 8.6c (13.7) |
| Other cooked vegetable dishes | 6.1b (13.7) | 11.3a (20.0) | 12.5a (19.0) | 6.5b (13.6) |
| Salad, tomatoes | 7.0c (15.5) | 24.1a (29.5) | 9.8b (18.4) | 10.7b (19.1) |
| Legumes | 0.2c (2.0) | 1.1a (6.7) | 0.5b (4.3) | 0.4b (4.0) |
| Soup | 4.9b (21.6) | 6.8a (24.1) | 4.8c (19.1) | 5.1b,c (20.9) |
| Nuts, seeds, peanut butter | 1.3b (4.8) | 2.7a (6.9) | 1.3b (4.4) | 1.4b (4.8) |
| Fresh fruit | 47.5c (54.1) | 121.7a (84.7) | 69.1b (65.3) | 67.1b (63.2) |
| Other fruit | 2.7c (11.6) | 6.4a (17.6) | 5.0b (15.7) | 3.4c (13.8) |
| Puddings | 10.3c (22.2) | 12.5b (24.2) | 17.7a (27.9) | 9.7c (21.0) |
| Dairy puddings | 39.8b (41.7) | 35.2c (36.5) | 48.2a (43.8) | 36.6b,c (37.9) |
| Cakes | 23.5b (25.2) | 29.1a (29.2) | 29.5a (28.0) | 22.9b (25.5) |
| Chocolate | 12.6a (15.9) | 8.6c (12.4) | 10.1b (12.8) | 12.0a (15.4) |
| Sweets | 8.6a (12.4) | 5.5c (9.1) | 6.9b (10.3) | 6.4b,c (9.9) |
| Sugar | 2.9a (4.9) | 1.9c (3.3) | 2.7a,b (4.3) | 2.5b (4.4) |
| Sweet spreads | 4.2d (7.7) | 6.3b (9.3) | 5.1c (8.2) | 7.7a (11.6) |
| Biscuits | 26.8b (20.8) | 20.6d (16.8) | 22.8c (17.7) | 28.9a (20.4) |
| Crackers, crispbreads | 1.7a,b (5.1) | 2.1a (5.2) | 1.4b (4.1) | 2.0a (5.6) |
| Crisps | 18.0b (13.5) | 12.6d (10.9) | 16.2c (12.8) | 23.7a (13.5) |
| Low energy density sauce | 9.3c (11.3) | 10.2c (12.0) | 26.4a (16.9) | 12.2b (12.6) |
| High energy density sauce | 0.6c (2.6) | 1.7a (4.3) | 0.8b,c (2.6) | 0.9b (2.7) |
| Salty flavoring | 0.2c (0.9) | 0.4b (1.1) | 0.3b,c (1.0) | 0.6a (1.6) |
| Water | 99.2c (135.1) | 206.3a (215.4) | 156.5b (187.0) | 109.4c (160.8) |
| Fizzy drinks | 54.7a (112.1) | 29.7b (69.3) | 32.4b (76.6) | 28.5b (72.3) |
| Diet fizzy drinks | 123.1a (164.1) | 40.6d (81.7) | 82.6c (127.5) | 100.7b (145.1) |
| Squash | 79.1a (142.3) | 67.5b (124.7) | 75.5a,b (134.5) | 69.9a,b (131.4) |
| Diet squash | 203.1b (222.6) | 119.2d (169.5) | 177.8c (208.2) | 285.4a (277.3) |
| Fruit juice | 64.5c (109.4) | 134.6a (156.4) | 76.9b (119.7) | 69.9b,c (113.5) |
| Flavored milk drinks | 18.1a (49.7) | 13.0b (41.2) | 13.3b (42.2) | 13.3b (44.6) |
| Tea, coffee | 39.8 (90.5) | 18.8b (58.0) | 37.5a (82.5) | 41.4a (92.4) |
a,b,c,d When values in the same row have a different superscript letter, there is a difference (P > 0.05) between cluster means by the Tukey-Cramer method.
Reproduced from Northstone et al. (2012)25 with permission.