Table 6.

Prospective associations between an energy-dense, high-fat, low-fiber dietary pattern (z-score), and fat mass index (z-score)

Characteristic	FMI z-scorea	FMI z-scorea	FMI z-scorea
Age (y)	11	13	15
Dietary pattern at 7 y	n = 4002	n = 3472	n = 2626
β (95% CI), P-value	0.07 (0.05–0.10), <0.001	0.06 (0.03–0.09), <0.001	0.06 (0.03–0.10), <0.001
Dietary pattern at 10 y	n = 4571	n = 3943	n = 3425
β (95% CI), P-value	0.03 (0.01–0.05), <0.005	0.04 (0.01–0.06), <0.001	0.03 (0.01–0.06), <0.001
Dietary pattern at 13 y			n = 3005
β (95% CI), P-value			0.01 (−0.01 to 0.03), 0.348

^aLinear regression adjusted for child’s sex, age at dietary assessment, dietary misreporting, physical activity at 11 years, maternal education, and prepregnancy body mass index.

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; FMI, fat mass index.

Modified from Ambrosini et al. (2012)²⁷ with permission.