Table 2.
Examples of various types of nanoparticles studied for antigen delivery.
| Category | Nanoparticle Material | Size | Antigen (pathogen) | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inorganic (Non-degradable) | Iron Silica | 20–300 nm | MSP1 (Plasmodium falciparum) BSA | [14,44] |
| Liposome (Non-viral lipids particle) | Cholesterol Lipid Lipid | 200 nm | Polysaccharides (Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 14) VMP001 (Plasmodium vivax) RTS,S/AS01B (Plasmodium falciparum CSP + hepatitis B protein hybrid) | [45,46,47] |
| Virus-like particle | Viral capsid expressed in Bacurlovirus Bacteriophage expressed in E. coli C41 | 27–60 nm | Capsid protein L1 + L2 (HPV) Capsid protein L2 (HPV) | [19,20] |
| Polymeric | Chitosan | 160–1000 nm | Hepatitis B | [30,48,49,50,51,52] |
| PLGA | Ovalbumin | |||
| PLGA | Tetanus toxoid | |||
| PVPONAlk | Ovalbumin | |||
| γ-PGA | gp120 (HIV-1) |