Table 5.
Means of the effect sizes (partial η2 > 0.015) for beverage interventions.
| Main- and Interaction Effects | Personal Effectiveness | Societal Effectiveness | Fairness | Acceptance | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | |
| Intrusiveness and Intrusiveness × Type | ||||||||
| Inform choice (low) | 4.12 y | 1.65 | 4.57 y | 1.45 | 4.94 z | 1.45 | 4.86 z | 1.54 |
| Product labelling | 4.17 c,d | 1.66 | 4.60 c,d | 1.48 | 4.95 c | 1.46 | 4.93 c | 1.55 |
| Information campaigns | 4.08 b,c | 1.63 | 4.56 b,c | 1.43 | 4.93 c | 1.45 | 4.78 c | 1.53 |
| Guide choice (medium) | 4.18 y | 1.70 | 4.58 y | 1.51 | 4.37 y | 1.65 | 4.47 y | 1.71 |
| Financial (dis)incentives | 4.34 | 1.72 | 4.74 d | 1.53 | 4.34 b | 1.73 | 4.47 b | 1.78 |
| Assortment (dis)incentives | 4.02 a,b | 1.64 | 4.45 a,b | 1.47 | 4.42 b | 1.57 | 4.47 b | 1.62 |
| Restrict choice (high) | 3.90 x | 1.68 | 4.42 x | 1.54 | 4.19 x | 1.70 | 4.29 x | 1.76 |
| Physical choice restriction | 3.96 a | 1.70 | 4.51 a,b,c | 1.56 | 4.06 a | 1.74 | 4.18 a | 1.79 |
| Advertising restriction | 3.85 a | 1.64 | 4.34 a | 1.52 | 4.34 b | 1.63 | 4.42 b | 1.69 |
| Source and Source × Intrusiveness | ||||||||
| Government | 4.02 x | 1.70 | 4.45 x | 1.55 | 4.29 x | 1.70 | 4.34 x | 1.76 |
| Inform choice | 4.10 b | 1.64 | 4.57 b,c | 1.47 | 4.89 d | 1.47 | 4.81 d,e | 1.56 |
| Guide choice | 4.11 b | 1.72 | 4.50 b | 1.56 | 4.19 b | 1.70 | 4.28 b | 1.77 |
| Restrict choice | 3.75 a | 1.69 | 4.25 a | 1.59 | 3.88 a | 1.74 | 3.98 a | 1.82 |
| Food manufacturers | 4.18 y | 1.66 | 4.64 y | 1.45 | 4.66 y | 1.56 | 4.71 y | 1.60 |
| Inform choice | 4.15 a | 1.65 | 4.59 b,c | 1.44 | 4.98 d | 1.44 | 4.89 e | 1.53 |
| Guide choice | 4.25 c | 1.66 | 4.69 c | 1.45 | 4.57 c | 1.58 | 4.65 c,d | 1.62 |
| Restrict choice | 4.06 b | 1.64 | 4.59 b,c | 1.47 | 4.52 c | 1.58 | 4.62 c | 1.60 |
| Approach/avoidance and Appr./avoid. × Intrusiveness | ||||||||
| Encourage low-calorie choices | 4.33 y | 1.67 | 4.77 y | 1.44 | 4.85 y | 1.49 | 4.90 y | 1.55 |
| Inform choice | 4.18 c,d | 1.64 | 4.61 c | 1.46 | 4.97 d | 1.43 | 4.91 c | 1.53 |
| Guide choice | 4.41 d | 1.68 | 4.85 d | 1.42 | 4.79 c | 1.52 | 4.89 c | 1.55 |
| Restrict choice | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Discourage high-calorie choices | 3.95 x | 1.67 | 4.41 x | 1.53 | 4.25 x | 1.68 | 4.30 x | 1.73 |
| Inform choice | 4.07 b,c | 1.66 | 4.54 b,c | 1.46 | 4.25 x | 1.48 | 4.79 c | 1.55 |
| Guide choice | 3.95 a,b | 1.67 | 4.34 a | 1.55 | 3.97 | 1.68 | 4.05 a | 1.75 |
| Restrict choice | 3.90 a | 1.67 | 4.42 a,b | 1.54 | 4.20 b | 1.69 | 4.30 b | 1.74 |
x,y,z Superscripts for post-hoc comparisons for main effects. a,b,c,d,e Superscripts for post-hoc comparisons for interaction effects. Dissimilar superscript letters within rows indicate significant differences, based on Games-Howell post hoc test (p < 0.05). Superscripts apply to a single column and single attribute part.