Table 1.
Low density lipoprotein (LDL) kinetic studies.
| Reference | Design | N | Dose, g/day | Duration, week | BMI, kg/m2 | S-Chol, mmol/L | S-TG, mmol/L | LDL-C, mmol/L | LDL apo B-100, mg/dL | LDL apo B-100 TR, mg/kg/day | LDL apo B-100 FCR, pools/day |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ref [27] | RC PSA | 11, T2D | 3 | 6 | |||||||
| Control | 26.5 ± 0.7 | 6.0 ± 0.2 | 2.1 ± 0.2 | 3.8 ± 0.2 | 65.2 ± 2.5 | 10.1 ± 0.5 | 0.339 ± 0.019 | ||||
| Intervention | 26.4 ± 0.7 | 5.6 ± 0.2 * | 2.1 ± 0.2 | 3.3 ± 0.2 * | 60.5 ± 2.8 * | 8.5 ± 0.1 * | 0.314 ± 0.010 | ||||
| Ref [28] | RC PSA | 8, T2D | 3 | 7 | |||||||
| Control | 26.6 ± 1.1 | 6.6 ± 0.1 | 2.4 ± 0.2 | 4.2 ± 0.1 | 83.1 ± 0.9 | 11.2 ± 1.0 | 0.321 ± 0.020 | ||||
| Intervention | 28.4 ± 1.2 | 5.9 ± 0.2 * | 2.4 ± 0.3 | 3.6 ± 0.1 * | 74.2 ± 2.4 * | 9.0 ± 0.5 * | 0.305 ± 0.013 | ||||
| Ref [29] | RC PSE | 9, MBO | 2 | 4 | |||||||
| Control | 35.5 ± 1.5 | 5.4 ± 0.5 | 1.8 ± 0.2 | 3.4 ± 0.4 | 121 ± 12 | 8.1 ± 0.6 | 0.34 ± 0.04 | ||||
| Intervention | 35.3 ± 1.7 | 5.3 ± 0.5 | 1.9 ± 0.2 | 3.2 ± 0.4 | 109 ± 12 | 7.1 ± 0.6 | 0.30 ± 0.03 |
Mean ±standard error (SE). RC = randomized crossover; PSA = phytostanol ester; PSE = phytosterol ester; T2D = type 2 diabetes mellitus; MBO = metabolic syndrome; BMI = body mass index; S-Chol = serum cholesterol; S-TG = serum triglycerides; LDL-C =low density lipoprotein cholesterol; apo =apoprotein; TR = transport rate; FCR = fractional catabolic rate. To convert S-Chol mmol/L to mg/dL, please multiply with 38.6; to convert S-TG mmol/L to mg/dL, please multiply with 88.2; * significantly different from control period.