Table 1.

BPA exposure and fertility related gene expression and genetic modification.

Author and Year	Species	Treatment Period	Dose	Tested Tissue	Change of Gene Expression
Caserta, et al. 2013 [79]	Infertile women	-	-	peripheral blood mononuclear cell	ESR1, ESR2,AhR, PXR up-regulation; AhR, PPARγ no difference
Chao, et al. 2012 [80]	Mice	Postnatal day 7–14 or 5–20	20–40ug/kg per day or per 5 days	Ovarian	ESR1 up-regulated; ESR2 no difference
				Oocytes	IGF 2Γ, PEG3 methylated sites decreased; H19 no difference
Brieno-Enriquez, et al. 2012 [81]	Human (fetuses)	Cultured 7–21 days	30umol/L	Cultured oocytes	Up-regulation: H2ax, Rpa, Spo11, ESR1, ESR2, ERRΓ, Blm at 14 day;No difference: Stra8, Nalp5, Smc1B, Sycp1
				Cultured fibroblasts	Up-regulation: H2ax, Rpa, Blm, ESR1, ESR2, ERRΓ, MIh1 at 21 day
Li, et al. 2014 [87]	Wistar rats	Postnatal day 28–35 day	10 or 40 mg/kg/day	Ovarian	FIGLA, H1FOO and AMH no difference
			160 mg/kg/day		FIGLA, H1FOO down-regulation; AMH up-regulation
Calhoun, et al. 2014 [88]	Rhesus Macaque	Gestational day 100–165	400 ug/kg/day deuterated BPA	Fetal uteri	Up-regulated: PDE11A, HOXC9, IGHMBP2, CSTL1, HOXC10, IL26, KLK3, ALX3, DOK6, ABHD1, HOXC6, HOXC8, HOXC9, HOXC10, HOXD1, HXOD3, HOXD9, WNT2, WNT4, WNT5A
					Down-regulated: CDH4, GDE1, GJB3, TFAP2C, RNF186, HOXA13, FGF10, CLIC6, CXCL14, SST, HOXA13
Susiarjo, et al. 2013 [89]	Mice	2 weeks prior to mating and embryonic (E) day 0–9.5	10 ug or 10 mg /kg/day	Placenta	LOI: Snrpn, Kcnq1ot1 Average total RNA (placentas with or without LOI) expression up-regulated: Snrpn, Kcnq1ot1; Placentas with LOI had higher RNA expression at lower dose: Snrpn; Average total RNA expression down-regulated: Cdkn1c (upper dose and lower dose), Ube3a; Methylation levels reduced: Snrpn, Kcnq1ot1
				Embryo	LOI: Igf2 Average total RNA expression up-regulated: Igf2; Methylation levels increased: Igf2 DMR1; Methylation levels reduced: H19/Igf2 ICR