| (b) Summary of Questionnaires Answered by Experts | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Protection Goals | Fire Blight Control Measures | |||||||||
| Biological Control | Chemical Control | Conventional Breeding a | GMO b | |||||||
| Commercial Name Composition | Blossom Protect A. pullulans | Copper | Myco-sin Aluminum Sulfate | LMA Potassium Aluminum Sulfate | Strepto, Firewall, Streptomycin Sulfate | 1 gene | 2 gene | 1 gene | 2 genes | |
| “Ladina” FB_F7 QTL | FB_F7 QTL + ?? | “Gala” + FB_MR5 c | “Gala” + FB_MR5 + ?? | |||||||
| FB-free agricutural crop and environment | ||||||||||
| Feasibility | E d | E | E | E | E | E | possible | E | possible | |
| Efficacy of method | medium | medium | medium | medium | high | high | ? e | high | ? | |
| Durability | high | high | high | high | low | medium-low | medium | medium-low | medium | |
| Protection of workers | low | low | low | low | ? | low | low | low | low | |
| Protection of consumer | low | low | low | low | low | low | low | low | low | |
| Protection of environment | ||||||||||
| Impact on exposed animals | low | low | low | low | low | low | low | low | low | |
| Impact on biodiversity | low | medium | medium | medium | high | low | low | low | low | |
| Impact on soil and water | low | low | low | low | medium | low | low | low | low | |
| Economic interest (acceptance) | high | high | high | high | medium | high | high | low | low | |
| Quality accepted and desired by consumer | ||||||||||
| Way of production acceptable for consumer | ||||||||||
| Maitain cultivar diversity and diversity of cultivation practices | ||||||||||
| Impact of method on cv diversity | medium | medium | medium | low | low | high | high | high | high | |
| Impact of method on cultivation practices | ? | ? | ? | ? | high | low | low | medium | medium | |
Green: no or negligible problems identified (severity 1 and probability of damages 1–4 or severity 2 and probability of damages 1); Yellow: minor uncertainties and/or minor problems identified (severity 2 and probability of damages 2–4 or severity 3 and probability of damages 1); Orange: Uncertainties and/or problems identified (severity 3 and probability of damages 2–4 or severity 4 and probability of damages 1–4). a: Conventional breeding: apple cultivars carrying a one or two gene-based FB resistance obtained by conventional breeding; b: GMO: Genetically Modified Organism carrying a one or two gene-based FB resistance; c: “Gala” + FB_MR5: “Gala” + FB_MR5: estimations based on transgenic lines tested under greenhouse conditions with two E. amylovora strains; d: E: Product already exists; e: ?: Unknown.