Epigenetic reactivation of CLDN11 in malignant melanoma. (a) RNA expression of CLDN11 in MM cell lines and normal human epidermal melanocytes (NHEM). MM cell lines (buf1280, C8161, IGR1, MeWo, SKMEL13 and SKMEL28) were treated for four days with 5 µM of 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine (Aza). RNA was isolated and analyzed by RT-PCR. Products for CLDN11 (167 bp) and a 100 bp ladder (M) were resolved on 2% gel. Expression of ACTB (225 bp) was determined as a control for RNA integrity; (b) Methylation of CLDN11 in Aza-treated MM cell lines. DNA was isolated and analyzed by quantitative bisulfite pyrosequencing. 11 CpGs within the PCR products obtained from the indicated MM cell lines, HeLa and human fibroblasts (HF) were analyzed. The mean frequency of CpG methylation is indicated.