PfDXR-PPMO–mediated inhibition of P. falciparum is complemented by IPP supplementation. 3D7 parasites were treated with PfDXR-PPMO, SaGyr-PPMO (negative control), or fosmidomycin (fos). (A) Parasite growth was examined by flow cytometry after one and two cycles. (B) The effect of fosmidomyin on parasite growth was determined by flow cytometry. (C) 3D7 parasites were treated with fosmidomycin (2 µM), Ctrl-PPMO (SaGyr-PPMO), or PfDXR-PPMO (12.5 µM) in the absence or presence of 200 µM IPP, and parasite growth was examined by flow cytometry. (D) 3D7 parasites were treated with fosmidomycin (1 µM), PfDXR-PPMO + fos (1 µM), or SaGyr-PPMO + fos (1 µM) in the presence or absence of IPP. Percentage growth was calculated compared with untreated controls. The experiment was repeated twice, and the error bars indicate SD of the average of experimental values. The level of significance in the graph is indicated with an asterisk (*P < 0.01, ** P < 0.001).