PHF8 removes the repressive histone mark H3K9me2 and associates with the activating histone mark H3K9ac. A, A representative hippocampal neuronal nucleus outlined in blue, transfected with PHF8−CFP (pseudo-colored green), showing a marked decrease in the repressive chromatin mark H3K9me2 (pseudo-colored blue) in the nuclear domains occupied by PHF8, which is not seen when the neuron is untransfected (B) or when the mutant PHF8−F279S was transfected (C). D, The same hippocampal nucleus depicted in A, showing the association of PHF8 puncta with the histone acetylation mark H3K9ac (arrows point to regions of close apposition between PHF8 and H3K9ac, six of which are shown at higher magnification by the insets on the right; green+red = yellow). E, Quantitation of the intensity of H3K9me2 staining in each nucleus (each symbol marks the H3K9me2 density of a single neuron), showing that PHF8-expressing neurons have significantly lower H3K9me2 density, whereas mutant PHF8 F279S-transfected neurons show the opposite effect (*** p < 0.0001; ns, not significant).