Table 2.
Risk factors present in 243 patients with Budd-Chiari syndrome (patients could have more than one factor registered).
| Risk factors | n/n | % |
|---|---|---|
| Thrombophilia | ||
| Myeloproliferative disorder* | 9/167 | 5.1 |
| Polycythaemia vera rubra | 4/167 | 2.3 |
| Essential thrombocythemia | 3/167 | 1.7 |
| JAK2 mutation | 9/167 | 5.1 |
| Factor V Leiden mutation | 0/167 | 0.0 |
| Prothrombin G20210A mutation | 0/167 | 0.0 |
| Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria | 1/167 | 0.6 |
| Protein C deficiency# | 1/120 | 0.8 |
| Protein S deficiency# | 0/120 | 0.0 |
| Antithrombin deficiency# | 0/120 | 0.0 |
| Antiphospholipid antibodies | 43/243 | 17.7 |
| Hyperhomocysteinemia## | 51/243 | 21.0 |
| Systemic | ||
| Systemic lupus erythematosus | 2/243 | 0.8 |
| Ulcerative colitis | 1/243 | 0.4 |
| Phlebitis | 3/243 | 1.2 |
| Ankylosing spondylitis | 1/243 | 0.4 |
| Hormonal factors (women only) | ||
| Oral contraceptive use | 1/96 | 1.0 |
| Pregnancy within 3 months before diagnosis | 3/96 | 3.1 |
| MO### | 141/243 | 58.0 |
| MOVCa | 16/243 | 6.6 |
| MOHVb | 27/243 | 11.1 |
| MOVC and hepatic vein involved | 98/243 | 40.3 |
| Idiopathic | 47/243 | 19.3 |
*9 cases of JAK2 mutation, including four cases of polycythemia vera and three cases of essential thrombocythemia.
#Deficiency was diagnosed as nonacquired only if 1 protein was deficient, the result occurred in the absence of anticoagulants or oral contraceptive use, and the patient did not have liver dysfunction (bilirubin level 2 times the upper limit of normal).
##When the blood homocysteine concentrations were higher than 15 umol/L.
###MO = membranous obstruction.
aMOVC = membranous obstruction of the inferior vena cava.
bMOVH = membranous obstruction of the hepatic venous.