Phenotypes of wild-type and es1-1 plants. A, Plants in the seedling stage. Wild-type (cv NPB; left) and es1-1 (right) plants are shown. Bar = 3 cm. B, Plants at the heading stage. Wild-type (cv NPB; left) and es1-1 (right) plants are shown. Bar = 10 cm. C, Nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) staining (top: cv NPB, left; es1-1, right) and diaminobenzidine (DAB) staining (bottom: cv NPB, left; es1-1, right). D, Malondialdehyde (MDA) contents at the seedling stage (cv NPB, left; es1-1, right). E, Panicle rachis (cv NPB, left; es1-1, right). Bar = 5 cm. F, Leaf at different parts (cv NPB, left; es1-1, right): from left to right, internode lengths of the top, second from top, third from top, and fourth from top leaves. Bar = 3 cm. G, Grain size (cv NPB, top; es1-1, bottom). Bars = 1 mm. H, Chloroplasts observed by transmission electron microscopy (cv NPB, top; es1-1, bottom). Bars = 0.5 μm.