Table 1. Baseline characteristics of 487,373 participants according to the presence of gallstone disease.
| Baseline characteristics | Men |
Women |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| With GSD | Without GSD | P Value | With GSD | Without GSD | P Value | |
| No. of participants | 7,436 | 191,856 | -- | 20,909 | 267,172 | -- |
| Age (year) | 53.9 | 51.8 | <0.001 | 53.3 | 50.3 | <0.001 |
| Urban area (%) | 55.8 | 42.1 | <0.001 | 45.4 | 43.3 | <0.001 |
| Currently married (%) | 94.5 | 92.9 | <0.001 | 89.9 | 89.4 | 0.016 |
| Middle school and above (%) | 62.8 | 57.6 | <0.001 | 46.7 | 43.0 | <0.001 |
| Current regular smoker (%) | 57.7 | 62.3 | <0.001 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 0.789 |
| Current regular drinker (%) | 28.3 | 34.2 | <0.001 | 1.8 | 2.1 | 0.001 |
| Physical activity (MET-hr/day) | 21.1 | 22.7 | <0.001 | 19.8 | 20.9 | <0.001 |
| Average weekly consumption (day)* | ||||||
| Red meat | 4.0 | 3.9 | 0.089 | 3.4 | 3.5 | 0.177 |
| Fresh vegetables | 6.9 | 6.8 | 0.048 | 6.85 | 6.83 | 0.016 |
| Fresh fruits | 2.4 | 2.1 | <0.001 | 2.8 | 2.6 | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.9 | 23.4 | <0.001 | 24.2 | 23.7 | <0.001 |
| WC (cm) | 83.5 | 81.8 | <0.001 | 80.0 | 78.7 | <0.001 |
| Prevalence of (%) | ||||||
| Hypertension | 34.5 | 36.0 | 0.007 | 31.3 | 32.3 | 0.001 |
| Diabetes | 6.5 | 5.0 | <0.001 | 6.6 | 5.5 | <0.001 |
| Chronic hepatitis/cirrhosis | 4.4 | 1.6 | <0.001 | 1.4 | 0.8 | <0.001 |
| Peptic ulcer | 8.5 | 5.1 | <0.001 | 5.3 | 2.6 | <0.001 |
| Postmenopausal (%) | -- | -- | -- | 51.7 | 50.7 | <0.001 |
| Family history of heart attack (%) | 6.8 | 6.7 | 0.745 | 6.7 | 5.8 | <0.001 |
| Characteristics of GSD† | ||||||
| Age at the first diagnosis (year) | 45.3 | -- | -- | 44.3 | -- | -- |
| Duration since the first diagnosis (year) | 8.2 | 9.2 | ||||
The results are presented as adjusted means or percentages. All variables are adjusted for age and survey sites, as appropriate. MET denotes metabolic equivalent task; BMI, body mass index; WC, waist circumference; GSD, gallstone disease.
*
The average weekly consumptions of red meat, fresh vegetables, and fruits were calculated by assigning participants the midpoint of their consumption category.
†
There were statistically significant differences in both the age at the first diagnosis and the duration since the first diagnosis between men and women (P<0.001).