. 2015 Sep 29;14:374. doi: 10.1186/s12936-015-0865-2

Table 2.

Associations between measures of urbanicity and parasite prevalence stratified by study site

Urbanicity metric	Exposure categories	Walukuba			Kihihi			Nagongera
Urbanicity metric	Exposure categories	PP^a (total blood smears)	OR^b (95 % CI)	P	PP (total blood smears)	OR^b (95 % CI)	P	PP (total blood smears)	OR^b (95 % CI)	P
Household density^c	≤80	7.9 % (406)	0.83 (0.33–2.11)	0.70	8.4 % (3151)	0.15 (0.07–0.34)	<0.001	22.5 % (3231)	N/A
Household density^c	>80	5.8 % (2207)	0.83 (0.33–2.11)	0.70	1.3 % (225)	0.15 (0.07–0.34)	<0.001	None	N/A
NDVI^d	>0.45	7.3 % (854)	0.67 (0.33–1.34)	0.26	8.3 % (2563)	0.76 (0.34–1.67)	0.49	23.4 % (2247)	0.87 (0.63–1.20)	0.40
NDVI^d	≤0.45	5.5 % (1759)	0.67 (0.33–1.34)	0.26	6.5 % (813)	0.76 (0.34–1.67)	0.49	20.4 (984)	0.87 (0.63–1.20)	0.40
Night-time lights	≤3	6.8 % (1799)	0.72 (0.34–1.51)	0.38	7.9 % (3376)	N/A		22.5 % (3231)	N/A
Night-time lights	>3	4.6 % (814)	0.72 (0.34–1.51)	0.38	None	N/A		None	N/A
Land cover	≤20 %	6.8 % (1496)	0.84 (0.41–1.71)	0.63	Not measured			Not measured
Land cover	>20 %	5.2 % (1117)	0.84 (0.41–1.71)	0.63	Not measured			Not measured
Composite score^e	Low	7.3 % (1808)	0.44 (0.20–0.97)	0.04	8.4 % (3151)	0.15 (0.07–0.34)	<0.001	22.5 % (3231)	N/A
Composite score^e	High	3.4 % (805)	0.44 (0.20–0.97)	0.04	1.3 % (225)	0.15 (0.07–0.34)	<0.001	None	N/A

^aParasite prevalence: proportion of blood smears positive for asexual parasites

^bOdds ratio adjusted for age at the time of the blood smear and repeated measures in the same household

^cNumber of households within 100 m radius from participating household

^dNormalized Difference Vegetation Index

^e1 point for each individual urbanicity metric: Walukuba (low = 0–2, high = 3–4), Kihihi and Nagongera (low = 0–1, high = 2)