Table 1.

Gliptins summarized data on approving authority, pharmacokinetics, chemistry, half life, dosage and catabolic pathway

Compound	Approval	Peptidomimetic	Chemistry	Maximal half life, hours	Usual dose, mg	Main catabolic pathway
Alogliptin	FDA, 2013	–	Pyrimidinedione	<21	25 qd	Renal
Anagliptin	Japan, 2012	+	Cyanopyrrolidine	<4.5a	100 bid	Renal
Linagliptin	FDA, 2011	–	Xanthine	<40	5 qd	Biliary
Saxagliptin	FDA, 2009	+	Cyanopyrrolidine	<4b	5 qd	Renal
Sitagliptin	FDA, 2006	–	Beta-amino acid	<24	100 qd	Renal
Teneligliptin	Japan, 2012	+	Prolylthiazolidine	<24	20 qd	Renal
Vildagliptin	European Union, 2007	+	Cyanopyrrolidine	<4.5	50 bid	Renal

^aIn addition, <10 h of partially active metabolite

^bIn addition, <7 h of partially active metabolite