Table 3.
Multivariate MLRA of individual and community level factors with childhood full immunization among 12–59 months Ethiopian children, EDHS 2011
| Individual and community level characteristics | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AOR [95 % CI] | AOR [95 % CI] | AOR [95 % CI] | |||
| Fixed effects | |||||
| Child place of birth | Home | – | 1 | – | 1 |
| Health institution | – | 1.54 [1.173–2.047] | – | 1.40 [1.058–1.859] | |
| Maternal education | No education | – | 1 | – | 1 |
| Primary | – | 1.43 [1.201–1.725] | – | 1.42 [1.191–1.710] | |
| Secondary + | – | 1.88 [1.210–2.922] | – | 1.93 [1.242–3.000] | |
| Religious affiliation | Orthodox | – | 1 | – | – |
| Muslim | – | 0.70 [0.554–0.906] | – | – | |
| Protestant | – | 0.62 [0.470–0.843] | – | – | |
| Traditional/others | – | 0.48 [0.277–0.862] | – | – | |
| Household wealth index | Poorest | – | 1 | – | 1 |
| Poor | – | 1.29 [1.030–1.634] | – | 1.30 [1.034–1.643] | |
| Medium | – | 1.23 [0.967–1.587] | – | 1.23 [0.963–1.585] | |
| Rich | – | 1.31 [1.016–1.689] | – | 1.32 [1.023–1.706] | |
| Richest | – | 1.83 [1.337–2.521] | – | 1.62 [1.172–2.245] | |
| Number of U5 children | – | 0.86 [0.775–0.948] | – | 0.87 [0.789–0.964] | |
| Media exposure | Not exposed | – | 1 | – | 1 |
| Exposed | – | 1.23 [1.009–1.522] | – | 1.25 [1.019–1.539] | |
| Residence place | Rural | – | 1 | – | |
| Urban | – | 1.50 [1.072–2.118] | – | ||
| Geographic region | Affar | – | – | 1 | 1 |
| Tigray | – | – | 6.50 [3.649–11.544] | 6.36 [3.550–11.934] | |
| Amahara | – | – | 2.51 [1.446–4.383] | 2.55 [1.459–4.478] | |
| Oromia | – | – | 1.15 [0.655–2.033] | 1.14 [0.664–2.019] | |
| Somalia | – | – | 1.86 [0.974–3.577] | 2.37 [1.232–4.575] | |
| BEGU | – | – | 2.34 [1.304–4.228] | 2.42 [1.337–4.385] | |
| SNNP | – | – | 1.54 [0.884–2.684] | 1.49 [0.852–2.611] | |
| Gambella | – | – | 1.65 [0.900–3.032] | 1.51 [0.815–2.824] | |
| Harari | – | – | 1.40 [0.719–2.757] | 1.46 [0.751–2.874] | |
| Addis Ababa | – | – | 7.34 [2.823–19.105] | 5.39 [2.047–14.195] | |
| Dire Dawa | – | – | 3.71 [1.941–7.094] | 3.89 [2.014–7.515] | |
| Community poverty | High | – | – | 1 | – |
| Low | – | – | 1.70 [1.313–2.203] | – | |
| Community ANC utilization | Low | – | – | 1 | 1 |
| High | – | – | 1.54 [1.205–1.990] | 1.50 [1.177–1.934] | |
| Random effects | |||||
| Community variance (SE) | 1.42* (0.17) | 1.12* (0.14) | 0.82* (0.11) | 0.85* (0.12) | |
| ICC (%) | 30.14 | 25.39 | 19.95 | 20.53 | |
| PCV (%) | Ref | 21.12 | 42.25 | 40.14 | |
| Model fit statistics | |||||
| Log-likelihood | −2647.38 | −2578.76 | −2559.80 | −2532.20 | |
| AIC | 5298.77 | 5185.54 | 5149.61 | 5108.40 | |
*P-value < 0.05