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. 2015 Sep 29;10(9):e0139310. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139310

Table 4. Overall and stratified logistic regression analysis linking each diet-quality score and the presence of NAFLD (n = 797).

No. of MDS (per 1 unit decrease) DQI-I (per 10 unit decrease)
NAFLD Age and sex adjusted 1 Multivariate adjusted 2 Age and sex adjusted 1 Multivariate adjusted 2
case/control OR 95% CI P value OR 95% CI P value OR 95% CI P value OR 95% CI P value
Overall analysis 220/577 1.10 0.99–1.21 0.073 1.11 0.98–1.26 0.092 1.24 1.06–1.45 0.009 1.26 1.03–1.54 0.027
Stratified analysis
Sex
    Male 118/214 1.09 0.95–1.25 0.244 1.17 0.98–1.38 0.081 1.30 1.06–1.61 0.014 1.34 1.03–1.75 0.030
    Female 102/363 1.12 0.97–1.29 0.111 1.01 0.85–1.21 0.901 1.20 0.95–1.52 0.134 1.09 0.80–1.47 0.588
Age
    <50 years 92/317 1.07 0.92–1.24 0.401 1.10 0.90–1.33 0.363 1.22 0.97–1.55 0.091 1.23 0.90–1.68 0.202
    > = 50 years 128/260 1.04 0.92–1.18 0.497 1.05 0.90–1.23 0.525 1.15 0.94–1.41 0.188 1.11 0.86–1.44 0.410
BMI status
    <23 kg/m2 53/426 1.00 0.83–1.21 0.975 1.01 0.81–1.28 0.903 1.05 0.79–1.39 0.739 0.88 0.62–1.25 0.480
    > = 23 kg/m2 167/147 1.16 1.01–1.33 0.031 1.19 1.03–1.38 0.021 1.29 1.04–1.61 0.022 1.39 1.09–1.77 0.008
Current drinker
    Yes 55/96 1.20 0.97–1.48 0.089 1.28 0.97–1.69 0.086 1.14 0.84–1.56 0.394 1.31 0.85–2.03 0.219
    No 165/481 1.06 0.95–1.19 0.313 1.05 0.91–1.20 0.511 1.25 1.04–1.51 0.017 1.17 0.93–1.47 0.174
Metabolic syndrome
    Yes 105/45 1.09 0.88–1.34 0.437 1.12 0.88–1.42 0.351 1.11 0.81–1.53 0.524 1.22 0.84–1.78 0.288
    No 115/532 1.06 0.94–1.21 0.345 1.06 0.91–1.22 0.467 1.22 0.99–1.50 0.059 1.20 0.94–1.53 0.142
PNPLA3 genotypes
    CC 63/248 1.23 1.02–1.49 0.029 1.17 0.93–1.47 0.192 1.31 0.98–1.76 0.073 1.30 0.90–1.88 0.156
    CG 115/265 1.06 0.92–1.22 0.445 1.07 0.89–1.28 0.469 1.27 1.02–1.59 0.031 1.22 0.92–1.62 0.176
    GG 42/63 1.08 0.87–1.34 0.479 1.16 0.86–1.57 0.330 1.15 0.78–1.68 0.482 1.16 0.67–2.02 0.600

1 Adjusted for age and sex, expect for the stratified variable whenever appropriate.

2 Further adjusted for BMI, energy intake, current smoker status (yes/no), current drinker status (yes/no), central obesity (yes/no), triglyceride >1.7 mmol/l (yes/no), reduced HDL-cholesterol (yes/no), hypertension (yes/no), impaired fasting glucose or diabetes (yes/no), and the PNPLA3 genotypes (CC vs. CG vs. GG genotypes), except for the stratified variable whenever appropriate.

DQI-I, Diet Quality Index-International; MDS, Mediterranean Diet Score; NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease