Table 4. Overall and stratified logistic regression analysis linking each diet-quality score and the presence of NAFLD (n = 797).
No. of | MDS (per 1 unit decrease) | DQI-I (per 10 unit decrease) | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
NAFLD | Age and sex adjusted 1 | Multivariate adjusted 2 | Age and sex adjusted 1 | Multivariate adjusted 2 | |||||||||
case/control | OR | 95% CI | P value | OR | 95% CI | P value | OR | 95% CI | P value | OR | 95% CI | P value | |
Overall analysis | 220/577 | 1.10 | 0.99–1.21 | 0.073 | 1.11 | 0.98–1.26 | 0.092 | 1.24 | 1.06–1.45 | 0.009 | 1.26 | 1.03–1.54 | 0.027 |
Stratified analysis | |||||||||||||
Sex | |||||||||||||
Male | 118/214 | 1.09 | 0.95–1.25 | 0.244 | 1.17 | 0.98–1.38 | 0.081 | 1.30 | 1.06–1.61 | 0.014 | 1.34 | 1.03–1.75 | 0.030 |
Female | 102/363 | 1.12 | 0.97–1.29 | 0.111 | 1.01 | 0.85–1.21 | 0.901 | 1.20 | 0.95–1.52 | 0.134 | 1.09 | 0.80–1.47 | 0.588 |
Age | |||||||||||||
<50 years | 92/317 | 1.07 | 0.92–1.24 | 0.401 | 1.10 | 0.90–1.33 | 0.363 | 1.22 | 0.97–1.55 | 0.091 | 1.23 | 0.90–1.68 | 0.202 |
> = 50 years | 128/260 | 1.04 | 0.92–1.18 | 0.497 | 1.05 | 0.90–1.23 | 0.525 | 1.15 | 0.94–1.41 | 0.188 | 1.11 | 0.86–1.44 | 0.410 |
BMI status | |||||||||||||
<23 kg/m2 | 53/426 | 1.00 | 0.83–1.21 | 0.975 | 1.01 | 0.81–1.28 | 0.903 | 1.05 | 0.79–1.39 | 0.739 | 0.88 | 0.62–1.25 | 0.480 |
> = 23 kg/m2 | 167/147 | 1.16 | 1.01–1.33 | 0.031 | 1.19 | 1.03–1.38 | 0.021 | 1.29 | 1.04–1.61 | 0.022 | 1.39 | 1.09–1.77 | 0.008 |
Current drinker | |||||||||||||
Yes | 55/96 | 1.20 | 0.97–1.48 | 0.089 | 1.28 | 0.97–1.69 | 0.086 | 1.14 | 0.84–1.56 | 0.394 | 1.31 | 0.85–2.03 | 0.219 |
No | 165/481 | 1.06 | 0.95–1.19 | 0.313 | 1.05 | 0.91–1.20 | 0.511 | 1.25 | 1.04–1.51 | 0.017 | 1.17 | 0.93–1.47 | 0.174 |
Metabolic syndrome | |||||||||||||
Yes | 105/45 | 1.09 | 0.88–1.34 | 0.437 | 1.12 | 0.88–1.42 | 0.351 | 1.11 | 0.81–1.53 | 0.524 | 1.22 | 0.84–1.78 | 0.288 |
No | 115/532 | 1.06 | 0.94–1.21 | 0.345 | 1.06 | 0.91–1.22 | 0.467 | 1.22 | 0.99–1.50 | 0.059 | 1.20 | 0.94–1.53 | 0.142 |
PNPLA3 genotypes | |||||||||||||
CC | 63/248 | 1.23 | 1.02–1.49 | 0.029 | 1.17 | 0.93–1.47 | 0.192 | 1.31 | 0.98–1.76 | 0.073 | 1.30 | 0.90–1.88 | 0.156 |
CG | 115/265 | 1.06 | 0.92–1.22 | 0.445 | 1.07 | 0.89–1.28 | 0.469 | 1.27 | 1.02–1.59 | 0.031 | 1.22 | 0.92–1.62 | 0.176 |
GG | 42/63 | 1.08 | 0.87–1.34 | 0.479 | 1.16 | 0.86–1.57 | 0.330 | 1.15 | 0.78–1.68 | 0.482 | 1.16 | 0.67–2.02 | 0.600 |
1 Adjusted for age and sex, expect for the stratified variable whenever appropriate.
2 Further adjusted for BMI, energy intake, current smoker status (yes/no), current drinker status (yes/no), central obesity (yes/no), triglyceride >1.7 mmol/l (yes/no), reduced HDL-cholesterol (yes/no), hypertension (yes/no), impaired fasting glucose or diabetes (yes/no), and the PNPLA3 genotypes (CC vs. CG vs. GG genotypes), except for the stratified variable whenever appropriate.
DQI-I, Diet Quality Index-International; MDS, Mediterranean Diet Score; NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease