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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Eur J Nutr. 2015 Mar 29;55(2):687–697. doi: 10.1007/s00394-015-0889-y

Table 2.

Body weight change (kg)a over a mean of 10.4 years follow-up according to erythrocyte polyunsaturated fatty acids

Quartiles
1st 2nd 3rd 4th P, trendb
cis ω6 fatty acid
        Median, range 25.0, 14.3-<26.56 27.2, 26.56-<27.7 28.3, 27.7-<28.8 29.4, 28.8-32.5
        Basic modelc 1.95 ± 0.28 1.51 ± 0.31 2.44 ± 0.31 2.63 ± 0.31 0.061
        Multivariable modeld 2.32 ± 0.50 1.91 ± 0.54 2.84 ± 0.55 3.08 ± 0.55 0.043
        18:2ω 6 (linoleic acid)
        Median, range 10.8, 6.32-<11.45 11.9, 11.45-<12.3 12.8, 12.3-<13.4 14.1, 13.4-16.6
        Basic model 1.88 ± 0.29 1.68 ± 0.29 2.38 ± 0.31 2.60 ± 0.30 0.032
        Multivariable model 2.38 ± 0.52 2.13 ± 0.51 2.90 ± 0.54 3.14 ± 0.54 0.022
        18:3ω 6 (gamma-linolenic acid)
        Median, range 0.038, 0.01-<0.049 0.06, 0.049-<0.07 0.08, 0.07-<0.09 0.11, 0.09-0.26
        Basic model 1.40 ± 0.30 2.45 ± 0.32* 2.39 ± 0.32* 2.65 ± 0.30* 0.016
        Multivariable model 1.71 ± 0.57 2.68 ± 0.54* 2.61 ± 0.54* 2.78 ± 0.51* 0.045
20:3ω 6 (dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid)
        Median, range 1.14, 0.15-<1.28 1.35, 1.28-<1.43 1.54, 1.43-<1.67 1.85, 1.67-2.86
        Basic model 1.75 ± 0.29 1.84 ± 0.31 2.40 ± 0.31 2.64 ± 0.30* 0.015
        Multivariable model 2.17 ± 0.52 2.21 ± 0.54 2.75 ± 0.53 2.87 ± 0.53 0.054
        20:4ω 6 (arachidonic acid)
        Median, range 11.3, 2.74-<12.4 12.9, 12.4-<13.3 13.7, 13.3-<14.3 14.9, 14.3-16.4
        Basic model 1.68 ± 0.27 2.55 ± 0.30* 2.47 ± 0.30* 1.85 ± 0.32 0.43
        Multivariable model 1.96 ± 0.51 2.99 ± 0.52* 2.77 ± 0.52* 2.17 ± 0.55 0.38
cis ω3 fatty acid
        Median, range 4.87, 1.18-<5.40 5.81, 5.40-<6.21 6.64, 6.21-<7.16 7.96, 7.16-13.2
        Basic model 2.59 ± 0.30 2.14 ± 0.31 2.29 ± 0.31 1.62 ± 0.31* 0.038
        Multivariable model 2.92 ± 0.53 2.55 ± 0.54 2.68 ± 0.54 2.07 ± 0.53 0.083
        18:3ω 3 (alpha-linolenic acid)
        Median, range 0.11, 0.05-<0.12 0.14, 0.12-<0.15 0.17, 0.15-<0.19 0.22, 0.19-0.36
        Basic model 1.77 ± 0.30 2.45 ± 0.30 1.88 ± 0.30 2.39 ± 0.29 0.30
        Multivariable model 2.18 ± 0.53 2.93 ± 0.54 2.28 ± 0.52 2.78 ± 0.52 0.34
        20:5ω 3 (eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA)
        Median, range 0.32, 0.13-<0.39 0.43, 0.39-<0.48 0.55, 0.48-<0.66 0.81, 0.66-2.57
        Basic model 2.53 ± 0.31 2.45 ± 0.31 2.13 ± 0.30 1.58 ± 0.30* 0.02
        Multivariable model 2.80 ± 0.56 2.83 ± 0.55 2.52 ± 0.52 2.17 ± 0.53 0.11
        22:6ω 3 (docosahexaenoic, DHA)
        Median, range 2.49, 0.39-<2.88 3.25, 2.88-<3.61 3.96, 3.61-<4.41 4.98, 4.41-8.35
        Basic model 2.43 ± 0.30 2.17 ± 0.31 2.32 ± 0.32 1.80 ± 0.29 0.17
        Multivariable model 2.77 ± 0.52 2.64 ± 0.55 2.76 ± 0.55 2.22 ± 0.53 0.24
ω6/ω3 ratio
        Median, range 3.36, 1.81-<3.89 4.17, 3.89-<4.38 4.76, 4.38-<5.15 5.69, 5.15-13.9
        Basic model 1.58 ± 0.29 2.20 ± 0.34 2.39 ± 0.30 2.58 ± 0.30* 0.018
        Multivariable model 2.05 ± 0.53 2.58 ± 0.55 2.72 ± 0.53 2.93 ± 0.53* 0.046
trans fatty acid
        Median, range 1.29, 0.71-<1.60 1.81, 1.60-<2.01 2.19, 2.01-<2.38 2.70, 2.38-3.81
        Basic model 1.70 ± 0.28 2.14 ± 0.29 2.39 ± 0.32 2.52 ± 0.31* 0.039
        Multivariable model 2.27 ± 0.50 2.68 ± 0.54 2.87 ± 0.57 3.03 ± 0.57 0.060
        trans 16:1
        Median, range 0.02, 0.003-<0.03 0.04, 0.03-<0.05 0.06, 0.05-<0.07 0.08, 0.07-0.35
        Basic model 2.04 ± 0.30 1.82 ± 0.29 2.41 ± 0.31 2.38 ± 0.31 0.25
        Multivariable model 2.40 ± 0.53 2.25 ± 0.51 2.81 ± 0.54 2.75 ± 0.55 0.24
        trans 18:1
        Median, range 1.11, 0.49-<1.39 1.59, 1.39-<1.73 1.91, 1.73-<2.07 2.34, 2.07-3.45
        Basic model 1.74 ± 0.28 2.04 ± 0.30 2.36 ± 0.32 2.63 ± 0.31* 0.024
        Multivariable model 2.30 ± 0.49 2.58 ± 0.54 2.83 ± 0.57 3.18 ± 0.57* 0.032
        trans 18:2
        Median, range 0.15, 0.08-<0.17 0.19, 0.17-<0.21 0.22, 0.21-<0.24 0.27, 0.24-0.80
        Basic model 1.85 ± 0.29 1.95 ± 0.30 2.13 ± 0.31 2.70 ± 0.30* 0.03
        Multivariable model 2.37 ± 0.53 2.35 ± 0.52 2.54 ± 0.57 3.00 ± 0.53 0.093
a

Values were mean±Standard Error.

b

Linear trends were tested using the median value in each quartile of erythrocyte fatty acids as an ordinal variable.

c

Model adjusted for age, race (white, non-white), randomized treatment (vitamin E, aspirin, β-carotene, or placebo), hypertension case/control status (case, control).

d

Model additionally adjusted for total energy intake (continuous), physical activity (continuous), smoking (never, former, current), alcohol use (0, >0-<5, 5-<15, ≥15 g/d), post-menopausal status (yes, no, uncertain), post-menopausal hormone use (never, former, current), multivitamin use (never, former, current), history of hypercholesterolemia (yes, no), intake of energy-adjusted protein, carbohydrates, cholesterol, and alternative healthy eating index (all continuous).

*

p< 0.05 compared with the lowest quartile