Table 2.
Quartiles | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st | 2nd | 3rd | 4th | P, trendb | |
cis ω6 fatty acid | |||||
Median, range | 25.0, 14.3-<26.56 | 27.2, 26.56-<27.7 | 28.3, 27.7-<28.8 | 29.4, 28.8-32.5 | |
Basic modelc | 1.95 ± 0.28 | 1.51 ± 0.31 | 2.44 ± 0.31 | 2.63 ± 0.31 | 0.061 |
Multivariable modeld | 2.32 ± 0.50 | 1.91 ± 0.54 | 2.84 ± 0.55 | 3.08 ± 0.55 | 0.043 |
18:2ω 6 (linoleic acid) | |||||
Median, range | 10.8, 6.32-<11.45 | 11.9, 11.45-<12.3 | 12.8, 12.3-<13.4 | 14.1, 13.4-16.6 | |
Basic model | 1.88 ± 0.29 | 1.68 ± 0.29 | 2.38 ± 0.31 | 2.60 ± 0.30 | 0.032 |
Multivariable model | 2.38 ± 0.52 | 2.13 ± 0.51 | 2.90 ± 0.54 | 3.14 ± 0.54 | 0.022 |
18:3ω 6 (gamma-linolenic acid) | |||||
Median, range | 0.038, 0.01-<0.049 | 0.06, 0.049-<0.07 | 0.08, 0.07-<0.09 | 0.11, 0.09-0.26 | |
Basic model | 1.40 ± 0.30 | 2.45 ± 0.32* | 2.39 ± 0.32* | 2.65 ± 0.30* | 0.016 |
Multivariable model | 1.71 ± 0.57 | 2.68 ± 0.54* | 2.61 ± 0.54* | 2.78 ± 0.51* | 0.045 |
20:3ω 6 (dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid) | |||||
Median, range | 1.14, 0.15-<1.28 | 1.35, 1.28-<1.43 | 1.54, 1.43-<1.67 | 1.85, 1.67-2.86 | |
Basic model | 1.75 ± 0.29 | 1.84 ± 0.31 | 2.40 ± 0.31 | 2.64 ± 0.30* | 0.015 |
Multivariable model | 2.17 ± 0.52 | 2.21 ± 0.54 | 2.75 ± 0.53 | 2.87 ± 0.53 | 0.054 |
20:4ω 6 (arachidonic acid) | |||||
Median, range | 11.3, 2.74-<12.4 | 12.9, 12.4-<13.3 | 13.7, 13.3-<14.3 | 14.9, 14.3-16.4 | |
Basic model | 1.68 ± 0.27 | 2.55 ± 0.30* | 2.47 ± 0.30* | 1.85 ± 0.32 | 0.43 |
Multivariable model | 1.96 ± 0.51 | 2.99 ± 0.52* | 2.77 ± 0.52* | 2.17 ± 0.55 | 0.38 |
cis ω3 fatty acid | |||||
Median, range | 4.87, 1.18-<5.40 | 5.81, 5.40-<6.21 | 6.64, 6.21-<7.16 | 7.96, 7.16-13.2 | |
Basic model | 2.59 ± 0.30 | 2.14 ± 0.31 | 2.29 ± 0.31 | 1.62 ± 0.31* | 0.038 |
Multivariable model | 2.92 ± 0.53 | 2.55 ± 0.54 | 2.68 ± 0.54 | 2.07 ± 0.53 | 0.083 |
18:3ω 3 (alpha-linolenic acid) | |||||
Median, range | 0.11, 0.05-<0.12 | 0.14, 0.12-<0.15 | 0.17, 0.15-<0.19 | 0.22, 0.19-0.36 | |
Basic model | 1.77 ± 0.30 | 2.45 ± 0.30 | 1.88 ± 0.30 | 2.39 ± 0.29 | 0.30 |
Multivariable model | 2.18 ± 0.53 | 2.93 ± 0.54 | 2.28 ± 0.52 | 2.78 ± 0.52 | 0.34 |
20:5ω 3 (eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA) | |||||
Median, range | 0.32, 0.13-<0.39 | 0.43, 0.39-<0.48 | 0.55, 0.48-<0.66 | 0.81, 0.66-2.57 | |
Basic model | 2.53 ± 0.31 | 2.45 ± 0.31 | 2.13 ± 0.30 | 1.58 ± 0.30* | 0.02 |
Multivariable model | 2.80 ± 0.56 | 2.83 ± 0.55 | 2.52 ± 0.52 | 2.17 ± 0.53 | 0.11 |
22:6ω 3 (docosahexaenoic, DHA) | |||||
Median, range | 2.49, 0.39-<2.88 | 3.25, 2.88-<3.61 | 3.96, 3.61-<4.41 | 4.98, 4.41-8.35 | |
Basic model | 2.43 ± 0.30 | 2.17 ± 0.31 | 2.32 ± 0.32 | 1.80 ± 0.29 | 0.17 |
Multivariable model | 2.77 ± 0.52 | 2.64 ± 0.55 | 2.76 ± 0.55 | 2.22 ± 0.53 | 0.24 |
ω6/ω3 ratio | |||||
Median, range | 3.36, 1.81-<3.89 | 4.17, 3.89-<4.38 | 4.76, 4.38-<5.15 | 5.69, 5.15-13.9 | |
Basic model | 1.58 ± 0.29 | 2.20 ± 0.34 | 2.39 ± 0.30 | 2.58 ± 0.30* | 0.018 |
Multivariable model | 2.05 ± 0.53 | 2.58 ± 0.55 | 2.72 ± 0.53 | 2.93 ± 0.53* | 0.046 |
trans fatty acid | |||||
Median, range | 1.29, 0.71-<1.60 | 1.81, 1.60-<2.01 | 2.19, 2.01-<2.38 | 2.70, 2.38-3.81 | |
Basic model | 1.70 ± 0.28 | 2.14 ± 0.29 | 2.39 ± 0.32 | 2.52 ± 0.31* | 0.039 |
Multivariable model | 2.27 ± 0.50 | 2.68 ± 0.54 | 2.87 ± 0.57 | 3.03 ± 0.57 | 0.060 |
trans 16:1 | |||||
Median, range | 0.02, 0.003-<0.03 | 0.04, 0.03-<0.05 | 0.06, 0.05-<0.07 | 0.08, 0.07-0.35 | |
Basic model | 2.04 ± 0.30 | 1.82 ± 0.29 | 2.41 ± 0.31 | 2.38 ± 0.31 | 0.25 |
Multivariable model | 2.40 ± 0.53 | 2.25 ± 0.51 | 2.81 ± 0.54 | 2.75 ± 0.55 | 0.24 |
trans 18:1 | |||||
Median, range | 1.11, 0.49-<1.39 | 1.59, 1.39-<1.73 | 1.91, 1.73-<2.07 | 2.34, 2.07-3.45 | |
Basic model | 1.74 ± 0.28 | 2.04 ± 0.30 | 2.36 ± 0.32 | 2.63 ± 0.31* | 0.024 |
Multivariable model | 2.30 ± 0.49 | 2.58 ± 0.54 | 2.83 ± 0.57 | 3.18 ± 0.57* | 0.032 |
trans 18:2 | |||||
Median, range | 0.15, 0.08-<0.17 | 0.19, 0.17-<0.21 | 0.22, 0.21-<0.24 | 0.27, 0.24-0.80 | |
Basic model | 1.85 ± 0.29 | 1.95 ± 0.30 | 2.13 ± 0.31 | 2.70 ± 0.30* | 0.03 |
Multivariable model | 2.37 ± 0.53 | 2.35 ± 0.52 | 2.54 ± 0.57 | 3.00 ± 0.53 | 0.093 |
Values were mean±Standard Error.
Linear trends were tested using the median value in each quartile of erythrocyte fatty acids as an ordinal variable.
Model adjusted for age, race (white, non-white), randomized treatment (vitamin E, aspirin, β-carotene, or placebo), hypertension case/control status (case, control).
Model additionally adjusted for total energy intake (continuous), physical activity (continuous), smoking (never, former, current), alcohol use (0, >0-<5, 5-<15, ≥15 g/d), post-menopausal status (yes, no, uncertain), post-menopausal hormone use (never, former, current), multivitamin use (never, former, current), history of hypercholesterolemia (yes, no), intake of energy-adjusted protein, carbohydrates, cholesterol, and alternative healthy eating index (all continuous).
p< 0.05 compared with the lowest quartile