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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Sep 28.
Published in final edited form as: Dev Cell. 2015 Sep 17;34(6):682–693. doi: 10.1016/j.devcel.2015.08.009

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Overexpression of cmpA causes cell lysis and defects in cortex maintenance. (A) Schematic of sporulation in Bacillus subtilis. Asymmetric division (top) results in the formation of the larger mother cell (MC) and smaller forespore (FS) compartments, which are genetically identical. Next, the mother cell engulfs the forespore (middle). Eventually, the forespore resides in the mother cell cytosol (bottom). The forespore is encased in two concentric shells: the proteinaceous coat (Ct, dark gray), and the cortex (Cx, light gray), made of a specialized peptidoglycan. Membranes are depicted in black; cell wall material is depicted in light gray. (BE) Time-lapse microscopy of sporulating WT (C; strain PY79) and cmpA overexpressing (D–F; IT478) cells. Time after induction of sporulation is indicated above. Fate of phase bright forespores in WT (B) and cmpA overexpressing (C) cells. Fate of (D) phase gray forespores in cmpA overexpressing cells while still in the mother cell, or phase gray spores (E) after release into the medium. Arrowheads indicate phase gray forespore or released spore. (F) Accumulation of peptidoglycan during sporulation in WT (●; PY79) and cmpA overexpressing (■; IT478) cells. (G) Growth curves, as measured by optical density of the cultures grown in sporulation media (DSM), of WT (●; PY79) and cmpA overexpressing (■; IT478) strains. (H) Accumulation of dipicolinic acid (DPA) during sporulation in WT (●; PY79) and cmpA overexpressing (■ IT478) cells. Symbols represent mean values obtained from three independent measurements; error bars represent standard error of the mean. Strain genotypes are listed in Table S8. See also Figure S1 and Table S1–S2.