Figure 2.

Schematic presentation of computer-assisted and image-guided hydrodynamics-based delivery. Balloon catheter is located at the proper section of hepatic vein (for gene transfer to the liver) or femoral vein (for gene transfer to skeletal muscle). Pressure upon the hydrodynamics-based delivery is transduced from the sensor placed inside of the target vasculature to the computer. Then the computer starts the injection and control the injection speed according to the real-time pressure. The photo images represent the visualization of vascular structure at the insertion site using phase contrast medium (Modified from [64] with permission. Copyright Future Medicine Ltd. 2015).