Table 1.
Brief summary of biological and modified proteins for liver failure therapy that are in different stages of development.
| Product | Features | Product | Features |
|---|---|---|---|
| Albumin | Erythropoietin (EPO) | ||
| Recombination | Marketed approval | Unmodification | Animal study |
| Mannosylation | Animal study | EPO with G-CSF | Clinical study |
| M6P-modification | Animal study | ||
| Nanoparticle | Animal study | α1-Acid glycoprotein (AGP) | |
| Fusion with Trx | Animal study | Unmodification | Animal study |
| Fusion with IFN-α | Clinical study | ||
| PEG modification | Animal study | Gelatin | |
| MARS® | Clinical study | Nanoparticle | Animal study |
| Lactferrin (Lf) | Hemoglobin (Hb) | ||
| Unmodification | In vitro study | CO-bound liposomal Hb | Animal study |
| Animal study | |||
| PEG modification | Animal study | Hb-ribavirin | Animal study |
M6P, mannose-6-phosphate; Trx, thioredoxin-1; IFN-α, Interferon-α; PEG, polyethylene glycol; MARS®, molecular adsorbents recirculatory system; G-CSF, granulocyte colony stimulating factor; CO, carbon monoxide.