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. 2015 Jul 13;125(9):3356–3364. doi: 10.1172/JCI80005

Figure 1. MDSC ontogeny.

Figure 1

Differentiation of neutrophils and mononuclear cells in naive mice is shown by black arrows. Hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) differentiate into common myeloid progenitors (CMP), then into granulocyte-macrophage progenitors (GMP), which give rise to mature neutrophils via sequential steps of differentiation involving myeloblasts, promyelocytes, myelocytes, metamyelocytes, and band forms. Differentiation of macrophages and DCs involves macrophage/DC progenitors (MDP), DC progenitors (CDP), and pre-cDCs as well as several types of monocytes. The most prominent are Ly6C+ inflammatory monocytes and Ly6C– patrolling monocytes. Differentiation of myeloid cells in tumor-bearing mice is shown by red arrows. Tumor-derived signals affect all steps of granulocytic and monocytic cell differentiation, causing expansion of pathologically activated PMN-MDSCs and Ly6C+ M-MDSCs. During tumorigenesis, these cells become more prevalent in bone marrow and spleen than in their nonsuppressive counterparts. M-MDSCs acquire the ability to differentiate to PMN-MDSCs and, at the tumor site, differentiate to TAMs and DCs. The dashed line represents pathways that are not yet firmly established.