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. 2015 Jul 13;125(9):3356–3364. doi: 10.1172/JCI80005

Figure 2. Potential role of immature myeloid cells and MDSCs in the regulation of tumor development and progression.

Figure 2

(A) Immature myeloid cells (IMCs) with the typical phenotype of MDSCs are produced in response to inflammatory stimuli. However, these cells often lack immunosuppressive activity. They contribute to tumorigenesis by recruiting proinflammatory CD4+ T cells that promote epithelial cell proliferation. (B) Tumor development is associated with the expansion of cells with acquired immunosuppressive activity (MDSCs). These cells also promote tumor cell invasion and angiogenesis and neutralize tumor cell senescence. (C) In metastatic tumors, MDSCs, in addition to promoting tumor cell invasion and angiogenesis, can support EMT and differentiation of osteoclasts supporting bone resorption.