Fig. 4.

MP-MUS induces ROS and causes LDHA and mitochondrial upregulation.

(A) Increase in oxidative stress; representative images of glioma labeled for hydrazine reactive aldehydes/ketones (I), ddTUNEL (II), peroxides (III) hydroxyl radical (IV) all labeled green, with MAOB labeled red. The final panel shows the levels of LDHA (V). The arrows point to cells with massive oxidative stress.

(B) MP-MUS increases levels of oxidative stress, DNA breaks, mitochondrial enzymes, and LDHA.

(C) 3′OH DNA lesions caused by MP-MUS are colocalized with mitochondrial MAOB, and are exclusively cytosolic and non-nuclear.