Fig. 2.

The five morphological cases analysed in the study: low power image (left) and high power image (right). Panel a: case 1, reactive lymphocytes in viral infection (EBV), showing typical abnormal polymorphic reactive T lymphocytes in an otherwise normal cellular background. Panel b: case 2, inherited Pelger–Huet disorder, showing neutrophils with typical spectacle-like bi-lobed nuclei and condensed chromatin. The neutrophil granulation and cellular background were normal making myelodysplasia less likely. Panel c: case 3, microangiopathic haemolysis, showing thrombocytopenia, keratocytes, fragmentation and general haemolysis. Reactive lymphocytes are shown at low power and in the inset panel. Panel d: case 4, haemoglobin SC disease, with target cells, contracted cells, polychromasia, nucleated erythrocytes and boat-shaped cells. There is also an acute leukaemia with primitive blast cells (inset and low power panels) and abnormal neutrophils. Panel e: case 5, oxidative haemolysis, shown principally by bite cells, but accompanied by other erythrocyte damage. Also present are lymphoid cells of adult T-cell leukaemia lymphoma, including the example with basophilic cytoplasm and typical lobulated and unfolded nuclei (inset panel), and a further example with folded convoluted nuclei visible on the low power image.