Table 3.
Relationship between antimicrobial resistance and virulence factors of UPEC isolates.
| Virulence markers | Antimicrobial agents |
||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AMO %R | TET %R | NAL %R | PIP %R | AMP %R | CRO %R | CAZ %R | CPM %R | NOR %R | COT %R | ||
| Biofilm formation | Strong | 82.1 | 67.8 | 17.8 | 71.4 | 96.4 | 64.3 | 60.7 | 67.8 | 75 | 85.7 |
| Moderate | 62 | 55.2 | 37.9 | 58.6 | 86.2 | 51.7 | 44.8 | 58.6 | 62.1 | 69 | |
| Weakly | 57.1 | 66.2 | 53.2 | 51.9 | 75.3 | 31.2 | 27.3 | 31.2 | 48 | 50.6 | |
| Negative | 31.8 | 36.4 | 77.3 | 45.4 | 50 | 31.8 | 22.7 | 36.4 | 31.8 | 36.4 | |
| p | NS | NS | 0.043* | NS | 0.042* | NS | NS | NS | 0.047* | 0.011* | |
| Hemolysin production | Positive | 54.7 | 41.5 | 9.4 | 62.3 | 71.7 | 39.6 | 54.7 | 41.5 | 52.8 | 35.8 |
| Negative | 61.2 | 69.9 | 67 | 52.4 | 80.6 | 41.7 | 26.2 | 44.7 | 53.4 | 69.9 | |
| p | NS | 0.046* | 0.011* | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | 0.043* | |
| HA type | MRHA | 53.4 | 50 | 60.3 | 34.5 | 67.2 | 43.1 | 32.1 | 55.2 | 46.5 | 43.1 |
| MSHA | 62.2 | 66.3 | 39.8 | 68.4 | 83.7 | 39.8 | 38.8 | 36.7 | 57.1 | 67.3 | |
| p | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | |
* Significant at p < 0.05.
AMO = amoxicillin; AMP = ampicillin; CAZ = ceftazidime; COT = cotrimoxazole; CPM = cefepime; CRO = ceftriaxone; HA = hemagglutination; MRHA = mannose resistant hemagglutination; MSHA = mannose sensitive hemagglutination; NAL = nalidixic acid; NOR = norfloxacin; NS = not significant; PIP = piperacillin; TET = tetracycline; UPEC = uropathogenic Escherichia coli; %R = percentage of resistance to antimicrobial agents.