Fig. 3.

Enrollment and outcome. Comparison group. In the comparison group, 56 women were excluded because they were CMV-seronegative at the beginning of pregnancy, they received hygiene information and were monitored for CMV during pregnancy. Fourteen women who tested IgM-positive on stored serum samples at 11–12 weeks of gestation were also tested for avidity of CMV-specific IgG (dotted box). A low avidity index indicating a primary infection acquired in the first trimester of gestation was found in 4 of them. Of the 24 women who seroconverted during pregnancy, 4 were IgM-negative when tested at delivery. All the 291 CMV-seronegative women at delivery received CMV counseling.