Table 1.
Socio-demographic characteristics and body mass index of South Africans aged 15 years or older, SANHANES-1, 2012 [24]
| Body mass index (BMI) b | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sample size | BMI | Underweight | Normal weight | Overweight | Obese | ||||||
| n(%)a | Mean (SEM)d | 95 % CI | % | 95 % CI | % | 95 % CI | % | 95 % CI | % | 95 % CI | |
| Sex | |||||||||||
| Males | 2246(42.4) | 23,88(-0,22) | [23.44-24.32] | 11,6 | [9.7-13.9] | 55,9 | [52.9-58.8] | 20,5 | [18.1-23.2] | 12,0 | [9.9-14.4] |
| Females | 4165(57.6) | 28,96(-0,21) | [28.55-29.37] | 3,7 | [3.0-4.6] | 32,0 | [29.9-34.1] | 24,9 | [23.0-26.9] | 39,4 | [37.0-41.9] |
| Age (years) | |||||||||||
| 15 – 18b | 764(12.4) | 21,86(-0,22) | [21.43-22.30] | 14,0 | [10.7-18.0] | 65,1 | [60.4-69.6] | 15,7 | [12.4-19.6] | 5,2 | [3.5-7.7] |
| 19 – 24 | 985(16.5) | 24,50(-0,29) | [23.93-25.07] | 9,2 | [6.0-13.9] | 57,0 | [52.3-61.6] | 17,9 | [14.9-21.2] | 15,9 | [13.2-19.1] |
| 25 - 34 | 1082(15.7) | 26,83(-0,29) | [26.27-27.39] | 4,2 | [3.0-5.7] | 44,8 | [40.8-48.9] | 24,9 | [21.3-28.8] | 26,1 | [22.6-30.0] |
| 35 - 44 | 980(14.5) | 27,82(-0,35) | [27.14-28.51] | 6,3 | [4.7-8.3] | 38,1 | [33.7-42.7] | 22,1 | [18.4-26.2] | 33,6 | [29.3-38.1] |
| 45 - 54 | 1022(15.8) | 29,16(-0,42) | [28.33-29.98] | 5,1 | [3.5-7.4] | 29,6 | [25.4-34.0] | 26,0 | [21.2-31.4] | 39,3 | [34.3-44.6] |
| 55 - 64 | 856(13.5) | 28,93(-0,50) | [27.96-29.91] | 6,6 | [4.6-9.2] | 27,4 | [22.7-32.7] | 26,4 | [22.6-30.5] | 39,6 | [34.5-45.0] |
| > = 65 | 722(11.5) | 28,44(-0,42) | [27.62-29.26] | 4,6 | [3.3-6.4] | 31,6 | [27.3-36.3] | 29,2 | [24.9-33.8] | 34,7 | [30.0-39.6] |
| Race | |||||||||||
| Black | 4528(82.4) | 26,83(-0,19) | [26.46-27.20] | 6,9 | [5.8-8.3] | 42,5 | [40.5-44.4] | 22,7 | [20.9-24.6] | 27,9 | [26.0-29.8] |
| White | 135(3.3) | 28,72(-1,00) | [26.75-30.69] | 0,6 | [0.1-3.0] | 31,8 | [20.0-46.5] | 27,4 | [17.9-39.5] | 40,2 | [27.4-54.5] |
| Mixed ancestry | 1428(11.8) | 26,44(-0,32) | [25.81-27.07] | 7,0 | [5.4-9.0] | 43,3 | [39.0-47.8] | 24,0 | [21.0-27.3] | 25,7 | [21.9-29.8] |
| Indian | 299(2.6) | 25,21(-1,42) | [22.42-28.00] | 20,0 | [8.4-40.7] | 35,6 | [28.7-43.2] | 22,6 | [13.2-35.9] | 21,8 | [12.0-36.1] |
| Locality | |||||||||||
| Urban formal | 3084(51.1) | 27,46(-0,28) | [26.91-28.01] | 5,8 | [4.3-7.8] | 39,2 | [36.6-42.0] | 24,1 | [21.6-26.9] | 30,9 | [27.9-34.0] |
| Urban informal | 788(9.9) | 26,39(-0,41) | [25.58-27.21] | 9,5 | [5.7-15.4] | 42,5 | [37.2-48.0] | 23,9 | [20.0-28.2] | 24,1 | [20.6-28.0] |
| Rural informal (Tribal) | 1621(30.5) | 26,26(-0,23) | [25.80-26.72] | 7,5 | [6.0-9.4] | 45,0 | [42.4-47.7] | 21,2 | [19.2-23.4] | 26,2 | [24.0-28.5] |
| Rural formal (Farms) | 918(8.5) | 25,32(-0,32) | [24.69-25.94] | 10,3 | [8.2-12.8] | 48,2 | [43.5-52.9] | 21,9 | [16.8-28.2] | 19,6 | [16.4-23.2] |
| Province | |||||||||||
| Western Cape | 1052(12.3) | 27,03(-0,37) | [26.31-27.76] | 5,2 | [3.8-7.1] | 40,0 | [35.5-44.8] | 26,3 | [22.6-30.4] | 28,4 | [23.8-33.5] |
| Eastern Cape | 802(11.6) | 26,39(-0,34) | [25.72-27.05] | 7,4 | [5.5-9.9] | 44,0 | [39.8-48.4] | 20,0 | [17.0-23.3] | 28,6 | [25.1-32.4] |
| Northern Cape | 399(2.4) | 26,27(-0,78) | [24.73-27.80] | 9,4 | [5.7-15.0] | 45,0 | [36.9-53.5] | 20,2 | [16.7-24.2] | 25,5 | [19.8-32.2] |
| Free State | 468(5.7) | 26,89(-0,49) | [25.93-27.85] | 7,8 | [5.7-10.7] | 42,3 | [35.0-49.9] | 22,0 | [18.3-26.2] | 27,9 | [23.5-32.7] |
| KwaZulu Natal | 893(17.6) | 27,13(-0,46) | [26.23-28.03] | 7,9 | [4.5-13.5] | 39,3 | [34.9-43.8] | 22,7 | [19.5-26.1] | 30,2 | [26.0-34.7] |
| North West | 789(7.0) | 24,81(-0,28) | [24.27-25.36] | 13,0 | [9.6-17.4] | 49,1 | [44.7-53.5] | 16,3 | [13.1-20.2] | 21,5 | [18.2-25.3] |
| Gauteng | 739(24.7) | 27,71(-0,47) | [26.79-28.64] | 4,8 | [2.8-8.0] | 39,4 | [35.2-43.8] | 26,2 | [21.8-31.1] | 29,6 | [24.8-34.9] |
| Mpumalanga | 720(7.5) | 26,63(-0,46) | [25.72-27.54] | 6,0 | [3.8-9.3] | 45,3 | [41.1-49.5] | 22,6 | [19.9-25.7] | 26,1 | [21.7-31.1] |
| Limpopo | 549(11.1) | 25,91(-0,32) | [25.29-26.53] | 8,5 | [6.3-11.5] | 45,6 | [40.9-50.4] | 21,8 | [17.3-27.0] | 24,0 | [20.7-27.8] |
| Marital statusc | |||||||||||
| Never married | 2404(45.8) | 25,26(-0,23) | [24.81-25.71] | 9,1 | [7.1-11.6] | 50,3 | [47.6-53.0] | 20,1 | [17.7-22.7] | 20,5 | [18.3-22.8] |
| Living together | 462(8.0) | 27,01(-0,45) | [26.12-27.90] | 5,9 | [4.0-8.5] | 41,7 | [35.5-48.2] | 29,1 | [23.5-35.4] | 23,3 | [18.4-29.0] |
| Married | 1817(34.7) | 28,75(-0,31) | [28.13-29.36] | 3,9 | [2.9-5.3] | 31,4 | [28.1-34.8] | 27,3 | [24.4-30.5] | 37,4 | [33.8-41.0] |
| Widowed/Separated/Divorced | 639(11.5) | 29,87(-0,53) | [28.84-30.91] | 4,8 | [3.0-7.4] | 27,2 | [22.8-32.0] | 24,1 | [20.1-28.6] | 43,9 | [38.2-49.8] |
| Highest level of Education | |||||||||||
| No schooling | 554(8.9) | 26,94(-0,49) | [25.97-27.91] | 12,4 | [7.9-19.0] | 34,0 | [29.3-39.1] | 23,3 | [19.3-27.9] | 30,2 | [25.6-35.3] |
| Grades 0-5 | 645(11.1) | 27,06(-0,50) | [26.08-28.03] | 9,6 | [6.8-13.5] | 38,3 | [34.0-42.9] | 21,0 | [16.7-26.1] | 31,0 | [25.9-36.6] |
| Grades 6-7 | 643(11.1) | 27,10(-0,43) | [26.25-27.95] | 7,7 | [5.4-11.0] | 38,9 | [33.3-44.8] | 25,8 | [21.0-31.3] | 27,6 | [23.1-32.6] |
| Grades 8-11 | 2185(39.1) | 26,38(-0,25) | [25.89-26.86] | 7,3 | [5.5-9.6] | 45,4 | [42.4-48.3] | 21,3 | [18.8-23.9] | 26,1 | [23.6-28.7] |
| Grade 12 | 1083(22.1) | 26,70(-0,32) | [26.07-27.33] | 4,6 | [2.7-7.5] | 46,8 | [42.3-51.4] | 23,2 | [18.9-28.2] | 25,4 | [21.5-29.7] |
| Higher education | 316(7.8) | 28,35(-0,62) | [27.14-29.56] | 1,2 | [0.5-2.7] | 31,4 | [23.9-40.0] | 31,8 | [24.3-40.3] | 35,6 | [27.5-44.7] |
| Annual income category (ZARi)c | |||||||||||
| No income | 1413(34.0) | 26,51(-0,31) | [25.89-27.13] | 8,2 | [5.9-11.2] | 46,6 | [43.3-49.9] | 18,9 | [16.2-21.8] | 26,3 | [23.5-29.3] |
| 1-9600 | 558(14.3) | 27,51(-0,46) | [26.61-28.42] | 7,0 | [4.4-10.9] | 36,6 | [31.4-42.0] | 22,5 | [18.6-27.0] | 33,9 | [28.4-39.8] |
| 9601-38400 | 1593(38.6) | 27,77(-0,33) | [27.12-28.41] | 5,9 | [4.2-8.2] | 37,7 | [34.2-41.3] | 24,7 | [21.4-28.2] | 31,8 | [28.1-35.7] |
| 38401-153600 | 320(9.8) | 28,23(-0,52) | [27.21-29.24] | 1,2 | [0.5-2.8] | 30,6 | [22.6-40.1] | 32,3 | [23.4-42.7] | 35,8 | [28.0-44.5] |
| > = 153601 | 97(3.2) | 29,13(-0,84) | [27.48-30.79] | 0,2 | [0.0-1.8] | 25,0 | [13.9-40.9] | 33,5 | [18.0-53.5] | 41,3 | [24.5-60.3] |
| Total | 6411(100) | 26,81(-0,17) | [26.47-27.14] | 7,0 | [6.0-8.3] | 42,1 | [40.4-43.9] | 23,0 | [21.4-24.7] | 27,8 | [26.1-29.6] |
aWeighted percentage to represent the South African ethnic diversity, geographic location (in terms of provinces; urban/rural) and gender, based on the 2011 Census [25]
bBMI percentiles used to categorise weight status in children 15-18 years
cFor persons 18 years and older
dSEM – Standard error of the mean