Table 1. Effect of seed priming with PEG (30%) on germination percentage (GP%), germination index (GI), Energy of germination (EG%), mean germination time (MGT d.) and leaf surface area (cm²) of two rice cultivars under different ZnO nanorods concentrations.

Cultivars	Priming withPEG (%)	nano-ZnO conc.(mg L−1)	GP (%)	GI	EG (%)	MGT (days)	Leaf surface area(cm2)
Zhu Liang You 06	0	0	90.00 ± 2.00 e	96.66 ± 2.30 a–c	81.33 ± 2.30 g	6.13 ± 0.05 f	3.30 ± 0.11 i
		250	86.00 ± 3.46 f	95.00 ± 2.00 bc	76.00 ± 4.00 h	7.19 ± 0.08 c	2.65 ± 0.39 j
		500	82.00 ± 3.46 g	90.33 ± 4.50 d	76.00 ± 0.05 h	7.71 ± 0.10 b	2.67 ± 0.04 j
		750	52.00 ± 2.00 j	57.33 ± 3.21 g	72.00 ± 0.09 i	8.53 ± 0.32 a	2.45 ± 0.13 j
	30	0	95.33 ± 1.15 b–d	98.33 ± 0.57 ab	100.00 ± 0.04 a	4.53 ± 0.25 j	4.95 ± 0.05 d
		250	93.33 ± 1.15 c–e	97.00 ± 0.08 a–c	94.66 ± 2.30 cd	5.50 ± 0.10 h	4.60 ± 0.10 e
		500	92.00 ± 0.05 de	94.33 ± 2.30 bc	92.00 ± 0.08 de	6.30 ± 0.10 ef	4.23 ± 0.20 fg
		750	66.00 ± 2.00 h	68.66 ± 3.05 f	88.00 ± 0.07 f	6.88 ± 0.07 d	4.03 ± 0.05 gh
Qian You No. 1	0	0	96.00 ± 0.05 bc	96.00 ± 0.03 a–c	96.00 ± 4.00 bc	5.43 ± 0.14 h	4.41 ± 0.10 ef
		250	92.00 ± 0.03 de	95.00 ± 0.08 bc	96.00 ± 0.08 bc	5.80 ± 0.10 g	4.13 ± 0.15 gh
		500	90.00 ± 0.05 e	93.00 ± 0.07 cd	90.66 ± 2.30 ef	6.38 ± 0.07 e	3.88 ± 0.07 h
		750	58.00 ± 2.08 i	60.00 ± 2.00 g	88.00 ± 0.07 f	6.88 ± 0.07 d	3.38 ± 0.02 i
	30	0	100.00 ± 0.06 g	100.00 ± 0.07 a	100.00 ± 0.09 a	4.16 ± 0.03 k	5.90 ± 0.10 a
		250	98.00 ± 0.05 ab	98.00 ± 0.09 ab	100.00 ± 0.09 a	4.71 ± 0.10 j	5.61 ± 0.17 b
		500	98.00 ± 0.07 ab	98.00 ± 0.07 ab	99.00 ± 0.05 ab	5.14 ± 0.05 i	5.26 ± 0.05 c
		750	84.00 ± 4.00 fg	84.00 ± 4.00 e	98.00 ± 0.07 ab	5.40 ± 0.10 h	5.03 ± 0.05 cd

The same letters within a column indicate there was no significant difference at a 95% probability level at the p < 0.05 level, respectively.