Table 1.

Cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6) and hormones (Corticosterone, epinephrine and norepinephrine) circulating concentrations in Sedentary control, Exercised control, Sedentary sleep-deprived and Exercised sleep-deprived rats

	IL-1β pg/ml	TNF-α pg/ml	IL-6 pg/ml	Corticosterone ng/ml	Epinephrine ng/ml	Norepinephrine ng/ml
Sedentary control	< 5.00	1.67 ± 0.29	18.7 ± 2.7	42.0 ± 19.3	5.28 ± 0.82	2.17 ± 0.23
Exercised control	8.51 ± 3.66	1.23 ± 0.40	28.6 ± 5.7	46.6 ± 12.8	4.09 ± 0.77	2.26 ± 0.21
Sedentary sleep-deprived	11.44 ± 7.02	3.85 ± 0.51**	41.9 ± 4.5***	79.2 ± 15.9	6.29 ± 0.86	4.03 ± 0.46***
Exercised sleep-deprived	16.71 ± 7.52	2.61 ± 0.74	27.6 ± 3.2***	71.2 ± 18.4	5.44 ± 1.31	3.48 ± 0.39**

"*" Significantly different between Sedentary control and Sedentary sleep-deprived rats and between Exercise control and Exercise sleep-deprived rats (**p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001), "#" significantly different between Sedentary sleep-deprived and Exercised sleep-deprived rats (****p < 0.05), using a one-way ANOVA analysis, N = 8–11 rats. Mean (±SEM) values are reported