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Deletion mutant ranking depends on cell survival over time under conditions of ampicillin exposure. Stationary phase cultures of W3110 (gray bars) and single-gene mutants (white bars) were diluted 100-fold and exposed to 100 μg/ml ampicillin for 4, 8, and 24 h. The data for each mutant was plotted and compared with that of W3110. Error bars indicate the standard deviation (n = 3). The asterisk indicates statistical significance as determined using Mann–Whitney U tests (∗P < 0.05).
