Table 2.
Odds Ratios (95% Confidence Interval) of Food Addiction Among Women (18–40 Years) Using the Yale Food Addiction Scale
| Characteristics | Odds ratios (95% CI) | pa |
|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | ||
| <25 | ref | |
| ≥25 | 1.39 (0.65–2.97) | 0.39 |
| Race/ethnicity | ||
| Non-Hispanic White | ref | |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 1.40 (0.60–3.28) | 0.44 |
| Hispanic | 0.51 (0.17–1.59) | 0.25 |
| Education | ||
| Some high school classes | ref | |
| Enrolled in/graduate of high school | 0.71 (0.25–2.05) | 0.53 |
| Some college course work/degree | 0.83 (0.29–2.35) | 0.73 |
| Household yearly income ($) | ||
| <15,000 | ref | |
| ≥15,000 | 0.59 (0.24–1.41) | 0.24 |
| Do not know | 0.39 (0.05–2.96) | 0.36 |
| Marital status | ||
| Never married | ref | |
| Living together/currently married | 0.80 (0.30–2.13) | 0.66 |
| Divorced/separated/widowed | 0.82 (0.28–2.42) | 0.72 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | ||
| <25.0 | ref | |
| 25.0–29.9 | 1.75 (0.61–5.01) | 0.29 |
| ≥30.0 | 2.00 (0.74–5.36) | 0.17 |
| Current tobacco smoking | ||
| No | ref | |
| Yes | 1.45 (0.66–3.18) | 0.35 |
| Current alcohol drinking | ||
| No | ref | |
| Yes | 1.02 (0.47–2.24) | 0.95 |
| Past week exercise (≥30 minutes straight) | ||
| None to <3 days/week | ref | |
| ≥3 days/week | 0.65 (0.22–1.88) | 0.43 |
| Depressionb | ||
| Minimal | ref | |
| Mild | 3.64 (1.51–8.80) | 0.01* |
| Moderate | 4.66 (1.45–15.0) | 0.01* |
| Severe | 9.11 (2.72–30.5) | <0.01* |
CI, confidence interval.
a
Based on multivariable logistic regression analysis; adjusted by age and race/ethnicity; outcome variable: food addiction (yes/no).
b
Based on BDI-FS score (range 0–21); score interpreted as 0–3, minimal depression, 4–6, mild depression; 7–9, moderate depression; and 10–21, severe depression.
*
p < 0.05 considered statistically significant.