Table 4. Risk of cardiovascular events in patients with Down Syndrome.
(Data are n [%] patients unless otherwise indicated).
| DS (n = 4,081) | Non-DS (n = 16,324) | Model 1 Risk Ratio (95% CI) | Model 2 Risk Ratio (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cerebrovascular event | 88 (2.2) | 129 (0.8) | 2.70 (2.08–3.53) *** | 1.95 (1.49–2.56) *** |
| Stroke | 77 (1.9) | 105 (0.6) | 2.91 (2.18–3.88)*** | 2.09 (1.55–2.80)*** |
| Ischemic stroke | 36 (0.9) | 38 (0.2) | 3.76 (2.39–5.92)*** | 2.59 (1.63–4.11)*** |
| Hemorrhagic stroke | 25 (0.6) | 30 (0.2) | 3.31 (1.95–5.60)*** | 2.67 (1.56–4.57)*** |
| Coronary event | 55 (1.3) | 290 (1.8) | 0.74 (0.57–0.98) * | 0.47 (0.35–0.62) *** |
| MI | 44 (1.1) | 259 (1.6) | 0.67 (0.49–0.91)** | 0.42 (0.30–0.57)*** |
DS = Down Syndrome; MI = myocardial infarction; TIA = transient ischemic attack.
Cerebrovascular events include stroke (ischemic, hemorrhagic or unspecified) or transient ischemic attack.
Coronary events include myocardial infarction or angina.
Model 1: adjusted for sex
Model 2: adjusted for sex and overall cardiovascular risk
(Overall cardiovascular risk is represented by a variable that includes the presence of any of congenital heart disease, cardiac arrhythmia, pulmonary hypertension, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, sleep apnea, smoking or Moyamoya disease)
* P<0.05
** P<0.01
*** P<0.001