. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Apr 1.

Published in final edited form as: Pediatr Res. 2015 Jun 17;78(4):451–456. doi: 10.1038/pr.2015.116

Table 1.

Association between population characteristics and creatinine-adjusted urinary F₂-isoprostane concentrations in the 328 children in the subcohort of the Diabetes Autoimmunity Study in the Young

Characteristic	n	Unadjusted Estimate (95% CI)
Child’s age, mean (SD), years	4.2 (2.4)	−0.24 (−0.28, −0.20)^*
HLA-DR3/4, DQB1*0302	95 (28.3%)	0.29 (0.04, 0.54)^*
First-degree relative with T1D	110 (32.7%)	0.19 (−0.08, 0.46)
Female	162 (48.2%)	0.30 (0.07, 0.53)^*
Race/ethnicity, non-Hispanic white	248 (73.8%)	−0.04 (−0.31, 0.22)
Maternal education, > 12 years	259 (77.5%)	−0.38 (−0.66, −0.10)^*
Maternal age, mean (SD), years	29.7 (5.5)	−0.02 (−0.04, −0.003)^*
Exposure to maternal cigarette smoke in utero	41 (12.4%)	0.39 (0.03, 0.75)^*
Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke	362 (29.1%)	0.10 (−0.14, 0.34)

P value < 0.05.