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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: Psychol Med. 2015 Jun 8;45(14):3121–3131. doi: 10.1017/S0033291715001117

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1

Longitudinal structural equation path model for antisocial and borderline personality disorder traits at two waves. ASPD, Antisocial personality disorder; BPD, borderline personality disorder; A, additive genetic effects; C, shared environmental effects; E, individual environmental effects; subscript c = common; subscript s = specific; L1, latent factor time 1; L2, latent factor time 2; λ, factor loading ASPD; µ, factor loading BPD; W1, wave 1; W2, wave 2; subscript 1, time 1; subscript 2, time 2; ra additive genetic correlation; rc, shared environmental correlation; re, individual environment correlation. Latent additive genetic (A), shared environmental (C) and individual environmental (E) factors have variances fixed at unity (not shown). The latent phenotype factors have no residual variance, but are constrained to have unit variance.